BMW Product inovation Essay Example

BMW Product inovation Essay Example BMW Product inovation Essay BMW Product inovation Essay BMW needs to assault the little Lifestyle vehicle advertise hole. This hole has clients, for example, youthful experts with a high discretionary cashflow. BMW has constrained restriction, and as such there is a huge utilization hole, which implies there is acceptable potential for high deals. This market hole has the potential for giving BMW the development it is making progress toward. BMW should focus on this hole utilizing the Mini brand, as the Mini has the correct picture dissimilar to any BMW marked items. The primary dangers for BMW are its constrained information available part, and its restricted money related assets. The principle area adversaries of BMW, Mercedes and Volkswagon (Smart and Beetle), both have more part experience and more noteworthy monetary asset. These adversaries will at the same time endeavor to out-value the Mini, and create substitution items. The center built up results of BMW, the 3, 5, and 7 Series, give a steady income, enough to create and present substitution models. BMW is anyway a goal-oriented organization and needs to develop. To do this BMW has been extending its portfolio and assaulting new markets, an unsafe, yet productive technique. This technique started with the dispatch of the Z3 sports vehicle, and all the more as of late the Z8 sports vehicle and X5 44 vehicle. The most recent phase of this system is the dispatch of the Mini brand. BMW has not delivered a little, moderate, way of life vehicle since the times of the air pocket vehicle. The presentation of the smaller than normal range is the most unsafe of all BMWs techniques for development. BMWs capacity to infuse character, unusualness, and fun into the Mini is the enormous hazard. BMW is a not only an organization, it is a brand. The BMW brand makes cars based on designing exactness, producing greatness, and being German. As the adverts disclose to every one of us, a BMW is The Ultimate Driving Machine. The Mini is likewise a brand. The Mini brand is based on character, erraticism, and being British. BMW can't simply re-identification, re-designer and exchange the brand as the BMW Mini. The very intrigue of the Mini brand would be lost. Colossal media and open intrigue welcomed the dispatch of the Mini1, the primary model to be discharged. The Mini Cooper, maybe the model most extraordinarily connected with the brand, is destined to be propelled, and it is this model will maybe decide the achievement of the item extend. BMW is a multi-item, worldwide assembling organization. The BMW marque is entrenched as a producer of great cars. To expand the exhibition of the organization, its items should be assessed and arranged in order to conclude whether to contribute, hold, or pull back help from them. These are vital choices, and are made by the data got from the investigation of the organization portfolio. The devices that will be utilized in the portfolio examination and the executives are as per the following: * Product lifecycle investigation * Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix * General Electric Multifactor Matrix These are for the most part adaptable devices that can be utilized to break down the two items and brands. The initial step is to investigate BMWs item portfolio. BMW has a scope of items, some at present available, and some anticipating dispatch (Mini CooperS). The following is a cluster indicating BMWs current item portfolio, this will frame the premise of the investigation of BMWs current and future market. The cluster above depicts BMWs current portfolio as far as the items themselves, however shouldn't something be said about the business sectors. Every item follows the item lifecycle, each will be at an alternate phase of that cycle, and each will have diverse market qualities. In spite of the fact that it is appealing to include all the items inside a portfolio at the pinnacle of their deals simultaneously, this makes issues. BMW knows the significance of ensuring that not the entirety of its items are at development on the double, as this may bring about the items starting to decay simultaneously. It is obvious from the time scale outline over, that BMW has stunned the lifecycles of three items. These are the 3, 5, and 7 Series cantinas. This stunning not just assists with guaranteeing an increasingly consistent pay, yet in addition takes into account the advancement of substitution items, for example, the impending substitution of the 7 Series. BMW has additionally been growing its portfolio as of late and this can be seen by the nearness of some new item dispatches over the most recent couple of years. The Mini being the latest, and the Mini Cooper still to be propelled. So as to arrange BMWs items, an examination of the portfolio is required. The principal defined, and most straightforward is the Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix. The Boston Matrix appeared over the page comprises of four quadrants got from Market Growth rate and Market Share. Market development rate is the vertical hub of the lattice. This shows the yearly development pace of the market division in which every item falls, and can be utilized as an intermediary for Market engaging quality. Piece of the overall industry is the even hub of the network. This shows the Market portion of every item comparative with its greatest rival. The Boston Consulting bunch contended that the income created by an item is dependant on which quadrant the item falls in. BMW has a genuinely settled arrangement of items. Every item is progressively a group of somewhat various models, fluctuating by determination. The BMW 3 Series is put inside an exceptionally jam-packed segment of the vehicle business; the Luxury little cantina. The 5 and 7 Series are bigger and more costly cantinas than the 3 arrangement, and are put inside somewhat less unstable segments of the market. The 3 Series is situated just underneath the Star, in the Cash Cow quadrant in the framework. The current 3 Series model is a market head in a develop advertise area. Its high piece of the overall industry prompts a high income rate, and its situation in a develop advertise implies that venture support in regions such an item and procedure improvement is low. The 5 arrangement as well, is easily situated as a Cash Cow. It is an adult item, put and sold in a less unpredictable market than the 3 arrangement. This implies the 3 and 5 arrangement group of items have amazingly high benefit, because of their significant level of deals, and the low degree of consumption expected to keep up the business levels. The 7 arrangement anyway is a model in decrease as far as its lifecycle. It is found at a definitive goal everything being equal, a pet. The item has piece of the pie, however its allure is winding down and its presentation comparative with its rivals isn't what it used to be. The market for the 7 arrangement nonetheless, is as yet performing admirably. This implies BMW should, and will audit the model with a view to re-dispatch sooner rather than later. The above items are for the most part genuinely settled. A considerable lot of them have been being fabricated for a long time now with a few re-structures and re-dispatches. BMW has anyway as of late started extending its portfolio, and the aftereffect of this is some new star and issue kids. One of these stars is the X5. The X5 is another market zone for BMW. The 44 market can be incredibly beneficial, particularly the On-street 44 items. This market is enormous and developing, and BMW have made an endeavor to get a cut of the cake with the X5. The Z3 and Z8 are fundamentally the same as items. They are both little games vehicles, varying in the Boston Matrix regarding piece of the overall industry and cost. The Z3 is a star, however the Z8 could be depicted a difficult kid. More reasonably valued than the Z8, and with a bigger portion of the developing business sector, the Z3 is an item starting to develop and produce a decent positive income. The Z8 anyway has a little portion of a similar market. This isn't expected to overpricing, or terrible showing. It is on the grounds that BMW has made the stride of intentionally restricting creation to guarantee a significant level of distinction and attractive quality for the item. For what reason do this? The Z8 could be portrayed as an activity in promoting itself. It isn't tied in with making benefit for the organization as far as immediate deals, however about bringing issues to light of the BMW brand and the qualities BMW needs its clients to accept the brand represents. Indeed, even the arrangement of this item in an ongoing James Bond film repeats this point. An energizing, nonchalant character, utilizing a BMW during his innovation pressed undertakings. These are for the most part qualities of the brand that BMW need to engrave upon the mind of its clients. The second accessible apparatus is the General Electric Multifactor Matrix. Items are assessed as far as Competitive Position and Market Attraction. This network shows all the more plainly how the built up 3, 5, and 7 Series are performing. The 3 Series has a huge portion of an enormous, alluring business sector. Its serious position is likewise solid. The short bolt shows that it is just moving from this position gradually, it is keeping up its position. This emphasizes the portrayal of the 3 Series as a Cash Cow. The 5 Series is additionally in a comparative position, if debilitating all the more rapidly. The 7 Series be that as it may, is distinctive to the past two models. It has a nearly little portion of a less alluring business sector. The long bolt shows that the seriousness of this item is decreasing quickly and it is quick turning into a Pet. By and by the inevitable re-dispatch of the 7 Series affirms this examination, and BMW will trust it goes some approach to improving the situation of this item. The more as of late propelled, new items can by and large be found to one side of the fundamental three BMW items. Except for the Z3, their serious positions are still genuinely feeble, however each of the three have great market appeal. This is coherent; as BMW would not have propelled items into business sectors it considers to be ugly. They show the attributes of difficult as recently presented items finding their feet in the market. The accentuation of item portfolio examination is the administration of existing items to amplify their qualities. BMW likewise needs to search for new items a

Internship report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Entry level position report - Essay Example During this gathering, the part associations evaluate the overall idea of their activities, set the needs and choose of their joint procedure for the coming 3 years, quite by choosing the International Board. The International Board is involved 22 chosen individuals (a president, treasurer, 15 VPs, and 5 secretaries general) speaking to all locales of the world. This International Board characterizes explicit systems to execute the topical and provincial needs received by the Congress. It additionally meets 3 times each year to talk about the FIDH's political and vital direction and to affirm the spending plan. The Executive Board is made out of the President, the Treasurer and 5 secretaries General. It is liable for the administration of the FIDH every day and gathers once per month to take choice on current concerns and solicitation put together by part associations. The International Secretariat, situated in Paris, utilizes 30 lasting staff individuals who do different obligations including working at the base camp, going about as a changeless assignment before IGOs (intergovernmental associations) and working in local workplaces. It actualizes choices taken by the International and Executive sheets related to the part associations. ... The International Secretariat, Observatory and Specialist Desks. The International Secretariat is partitioned into locales (Africa Desk, Americas Desk, Asia Desk, Eastern Europe and Central Asia Desk, North Africa and Middle East work area) and is liable for setting needs. Since 2009, the FIDH singled out specific territories of prime worry, for which it has decided activity needs. These include: assurance for human rights protectors, responsibility, regard for human rights with regards to globalization, barrier of human rights, and regard for human rights with regards to counter-psychological warfare. The topical division of the International Secretariat mirrors the accompanying activity needs: Globalization and Human Rights Desk, Women's and Migrants Rights Desk, International Justice Desk, Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defender (hereinafter The Observatory). The Observatory (a joint program with the World Organization Against Torture) looks for the execution of th e UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders and battles for the appropriation of new instruments planned for strengthening their insurance and security. It additionally gives crisis security to human rights safeguards on the ground under the type of material help, preliminary perception missions, media inclusion, and critical mediation. The International Justice Desk's order is to handle the issue of exemption for the individuals who complete human rights mishandles, and to make such people and gatherings responsible for their wrongdoings against humankind. It does as such by offering lawful and legal help to casualties of global violations by starting or taking part in prosecution before national, provincial and universal courts. The battle against exemption is one of the raisons d’etre

Is Modern Art Really Art? Essay

Dead creatures, elephant waste, unmade beds and rice all appear as though regular items yet would it be advisable for us to call them craftsmanship? At the point when we were growing up we were trained that craftsmanship was a lovely painting †like Van Gogh’s Sunflowers, or an ideal figure of a human †like Michelangelo’s David, however we were never truly encouraged that theoretical and contemporary workmanship were ‘proper’ types of craftsmanship, despite the fact that it was set up in the sixties. It made us think and challenge our own suppositions of what craftsmanship should resemble. Individuals didn’t comprehend bovines cut down the middle (Damien Hirst), wire work storage spaces (Mona Hatoum), rubble (Richard Long) or trash (Tomoko Takahashi) being called craftsmanship except if you could outline it pleasantly on your lounge divider. The way that this sort of craftsmanship didn’t fit conveniently into people’s thoughts of what workmanship ought to be was the explanation it was called ‘conceptual’. Applied and contemporary workmanship got an immense response out of individuals since they felt conned and insignificantly humiliated when, for instance, they took a gander at Martin Creed’s light going on and off and ‘didn’t get it’. They didn’t like the way that they couldn’t work out the genuine significance of what the craftsman was attempting to get over. It likewise got a response for another explanation which was the straightforwardness of a portion of the ‘art’. I’m sure that when all the individuals who were working extended periods of time each week took a gander at the generously compensated craftsman Tracey Emin’s unmade bed they were frantically shouting to themselves, â€Å"BUT I COULD DO THAT!† and thinking whether reasonable workmanship is even worth taking a gander at. Perhaps a few of us are totally overlooking what's really important they are attempting to get over. Perhaps as opposed to suffocating in the downturn of how simple, and maybe silly, the craftsmanship is we ought to be new peered toward and receptive and praise the way that these thoughts and possibilites have been opened for us. Perhaps that’s the point. This workmanship unquestionably has innovation and stun esteem. Specialists don’t need toâ repeat whats been done before similarly nobody needs to hear old jokes. Their utilization of new innovation adds to the nature of a portion of their work. Utilizing a PC isn’t a cop-out of drawing, it’s simply one more device. The creativity and stun esteem go connected at the hip and afterall, aren’t those the two things we need when we take a gander at workmanship? We as watchers don’t need to remain there taking a gander at something so dull, boring and misrepresented; If we needed that then we could simply stick a cut of bread on the divider and call that craftsmanship. The craftsmen search for new difficulties and ways for us to see their specialty. This kind of workmanship makes us challenge ourselves to discover magnificence in the regular things throughout everyday life. My assessment of Modern Art is an extremely adjusted one in light of the fact that despite the fact that a portion of the instances of theoretical and contemporary craftsmanship are now and again strange, they likewise challenge you to locate the genuine importance of a big motivator for it. The stun factor aswell spellbinds us and keeps our consideration bolted on the excellence of the craftsmanship. One thing that intrigues me however is that if craftsman Chris Ofili paints with elephant compost he is viewed as a Turner Prize winning virtuoso, yet in the event that I attempted to paint with elephant waste would I be viewed as a masterful virtuoso? Presumably not.

Essay Topics - An Overview

Essay Topics - An OverviewYou may have heard of essay topics before, but what are they? An essay topic is the main ideas or content of an essay. It is the overarching theme of the essay.It is the main ideas that form the focus of the essay, giving the essay its main weight. Essay topics may be about history, literature, politics, nature, culture, religion, and many more. It is the topic that we should establish as the backbone of the essay. An essay that is filled with great and well-written material should not have just one theme.For most of us, we don't want to write essays with topics that are out of the norm. An essay with well-written and intellectually stimulating content but packed with topics and essays are not necessarily a good essay. Thus, essay topics have to be chosen carefully. After all, there will be other students who will be competing for the same paper.Some people choose topics that are more conventional. If you are aiming to appear in that class or in that categor y, then the conventional categories like religion, politics, and more are your best bet. However, it is advisable that you keep out of the boundaries of common topics. Essay topics should be interesting and can greatly benefit your career in the future. For that reason, you should always be thinking about subjects that are unique.In choosing an interesting and unique topic, it is better to consider the way you can write the content. Consider its nature and substance. Choose topics that are controversial subjects can provide a solid idea for an essay. They are easy to relate to and, therefore, can provide knowledge that can shed light on people. Essay topics should be those that can open your mind. Essay topics should give you the extra leeway to come up with your own opinions.After you have decided your essay topics, write them. Make sure that you have put the full attention to your topic. You can search the Internet for different types of topics. Some of them might appear to be vag ue and boring. On the other hand, there are also topics that can truly spark ideas and thoughts that can be picked up. Make sure that you have reviewed the essay topic carefully before you write.Writing your essay topic with an eye towards learning and interest will surely help you in writing the best essay ever. Make sure that you have selected a topic that you have all to yourself and that you can write it in any way you want.

Does the Final Chapter of Brontes Jane Eyre Fit with the...

The final chapter’s of Bronte’s Jane Eyre have been a subject of discussion since it’s first publication. Many say the the ending does not fit and other argue that it does. There is a lot of evidence pointing to the latter. The conclusion reveals the fate of Mr. Rochester and Jane, Adele, and of St. John. All of the endings, a mixture of both happy and tragic, to fit with the entire story and can explained because of the Victorian era. This essay will argue that the conclusion of this novel, more specifically that Jane does go back to Mr. Rochester, is extremely fitting to both the plot and the essence of the novel. Many people have an issue with the ending because of the fate of Mr. Rochester. They feel him being disfigured and blind is†¦show more content†¦Jane still has her independence even though she goes back to him. Not only does the relationship even out, the biggest way Jane keeps her independence and her character traits is that she chooses to go back to Rochester. She sets aside her brain and uses her heart fully in making the decision. â€Å"It was my time to assume ascendency. My powers were in play and in force,† (301). She went back to Rochester and married him because she wanted to. She did not need to marry Rochester for his money or his social status, she married him because she wanted to. One of the biggest themes of Jane Eyre is the ideal woman and the struggle between choosing to be passionate or suppressing it. At the very end, it is most fitting for the character to develop in such a way that she chooses to be passionate. During the time of the novel as well, women were meant to suppress their wants and desires but the novel is very ahead of it’s time. It’s showing that it is perfectly alright to marry for love and marriage won’t make you lose your independence. The happy ending for Mr. Rochester and Jane are not the only fitting thing about the ending. Adà ¨le’s fate is al so very fitting for the plot and the English Victorian era. There was always a parallel between little Adà ¨le and Jane when she was younger. Both were orphans, and both were eventually sent away to a terribly run school. It would only make sense, that Jane, having gone through this, would

A Modern Adaptation Of Homer s Odyssey Essay - 933 Words

A modern adaptation of Homer s Odyssey – one of the most widely read ancient literary works in the world – Margaret Atwood s novella, The Penelopiad, retells this classic story, this time from the perspective of Penelope, Odysseus wife, who spent ten long years waiting faithfully for him to return form the Trojan war, and is now lameting her life from the greek underworld, Hades. The Penelopiad deconstructs the portrayal of penelope in the Odyssey, showing that instead of waiting and wasting away, she instead employed her wits, feminine charm and strength of character to build a strong empire and achieve her own ends, or at least, that s what she would like us to believe. Chapter 26 is a courtroom scene, where Odysseus is on trial for the hanging of the 12 maids, which he justifies by convincing the judge of their supposed indescretions. Atwood employs various literary devices, such as the exploitation of genre and dark humour, to convey the double standard between gen ders, the failures of the justice system, and the lack of consequences awarded to those in power. One of the most obvious themes in this chapter is how much the justice system failed the maids, who were, in essence, innocent. Having been raped by the suitors, the fact that they were put to death for not asking Odysseus permission to sleep with them is ludicrous, as the very definition of rape relies on a lack of permission. The choice of setting and style for this chapter is ironic, as, set in aShow MoreRelatedWhen It Comes To Adapting An Existing Story, We Must First1409 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to adapting an existing story, we must first look at what literary adaptation is. Literary adaptation, is the adapting of a storybook source, such as a novel, short story or poem, to another genre or medium such as a film, stage play, or video game. 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Summary 4. Characters 5. Themes 6. Style 7. Historical Context 8. Critical Overview 9. Essays and Criticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi

Criminal Activity Bonza †Bonza Handtools Ltd - Free Sample

Question: 1. Bonza Handtools Ltd. manufactures a popular power drill suitable for the home renovator. Financial and other data for this product for the last twelve months are as follows : Sales 20000 units Selling price $130 per unit Variable manufacturing cost $50 per unit Fixed manufacturing costs $400000 Variable selling and administrative costs $30 per unit Fixed selling and administrative costs $300000. The directors of Bonza Ltd. want to try to increase the profitability of this product and invited senior staff to suggest how this might be done. Three suggestions have been received. The accountant, Jan Rossi, believes that a price increase of $10 per unit is the best way to boost profits. She would spend an additional $125000 on national advertising and contends, that if this is done, sales volume would not drop appreciably from last year. The production manager, Tom Tune, thinks that an improved quality product could increase sales volume by 25% if accompanied by an advertising campaign costing $50000 aimed at tradespeople as well as home renovators. The improved quality would add $5 per unit to the variable cost. Mr Tune believes that the price should not be increased. The sales manager, Mary Watson, wants to undertake a promotion campaign where a $10 rebate is offered on all drills sold during the three months beginning 1 April. Normally 6000 units are sold during that period an d Ms Watson believes that this could be boosted to 10000 units if an advertising campaign costing $40000 were launched late in March. The Tassie Company estimates that next year it will manufacture and sell 150000 units of its product. On the basis of that level of activity, it has budgeted for the following costs and prices per unit: Direct Material Cost $2.50 Direct Labour Cost 3.00 Variable Factory Overhead 1.50 Fixed Factory Overhead 2.00 Manufacturing Cost 9.00 Variable Selling and Administrative Cost 2.00 Fixed Selling and Administrative Cost 1.50 Total Cost 12.50 20% Mark-up 2.50 Selling Price $15.00 The Company has an opportunity to bid for the supply of an additional 40000 units of its product to a government department. No sales commission (variable selling and admin. cost) is involved and no additional fixed costs will be incurred. Give a reasoned opinion on the level of the bid that should be made in each of the following two circumstances: (i) The capacity of the Tassie Company's factory is 200000 units per year. (ii) The capacity of the factory is only 180000 units per year. 3. Critically discuss the following statements: a budget is a forecast of what is expected to happen in a business during the next year budgets are okay but they stifle all initiative. No manager would work for a business that applies control through budgets. any sensible person would start with the sales budget and build up the other budgets from there. a budget trying to be realistic will not motivate best performance. only adverse variances are worth investigating, because favourable variances, by definition, must be good. 4. ABC Ltd makes trailers. It receives a special order to produce 350 trailers for a local retail outlet. The order will take 2,100 kg of material that costs $16.10 per kg and will require 1,400 direct labour hours and 525 machine hours. The following are the expected/budgeted annual costs for ABC Ltd: Direct labour $327,600 Direct labour hours 25,795 Direct materials $193,200 Indirect costs $98,400 Machine hours 9,840 Required: Calculate the overhead allocation rate: note that the process is labour-intensive Calculate the total costs of the special order Calculate the cost of the special order if ABC Ltd uses machine time as the basis for allocating overheads Calculate the minimum price per trailer that ABC Ltd could accept. Explain how segmented overhead cost pools and activity based costing can assist accurate costing for pricing purpose Explaining how segmenting the overheads can help in allocating overhead costs to individual jobs or services. You must support your discussion by real world examples and acknowledge the source of your information (referencing). Answers: 1. Bonza Handtools Ltd Statement Showing Profitability under various proposals Sl. No Particulars Note Details Current Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Proposal 3 a Sales units First 3 Months 6000 6000 6000 10000 b Sales units Balance Period 14000 14000 19000 14000 c Total Sales units annual 20000 20000 25000 24000 d Selling Price $ pu First 3 Months 130 140 130 120 e Selling Price $ pu Balance Period 130 140 130 130 f Variable Manufacturing Cost $ pu given 50 50 55 50 g Variable Selling and Administrative Cost $ pu given 30 30 30 30 $ h Total Sales a*d+b*e 2600000 2800000 3250000 3020000 i Total Variable Manufacturing Cost c*f 1000000 1000000 1375000 1200000 j Total Variable Selling and Administrative Cost c*g 600000 600000 750000 720000 k Fixed Manufacturing Cost Given 400000 400000 400000 400000 l Fixed Selling and Administrative Cost Given 300000 300000 300000 300000 m Additional Advertising Campaign Cost Given 0 125000 50000 40000 n Profit during the year h-i-j-k-l-m 300000 375000 375000 360000 Report to Bonza board Proposal 1 (Jan Rossi) If Proposal of Jan Rossi to increase the price of $10 has been accepted then, the profit has been increased by 75,000 from the current profit. The only risk associated is that if the advertisement campaign falls, then there might be huge fall in the profit along with the additional cost burden of advertisement cost. Further, it will create burden on the middle man consumer and the company may lose loyalty of the said group. Proposal 2 (Tom Tune) If proposal of Mr. Tom Tune to improve the quality along with advertisement campaign has been accepted then following scene may create Increase in quality will additionally cost $5 per unit, which will lower the contribution p.u. Additional advertisement cost of 50,000 is to be incurred, to increase the sale by 25%. This lead to increase in Profit by 75,000. Existing Consumer will more satisfied as they get the advanced product at the same price plus new consumer will also join. Proposal 3 (Mary Watson) With the proposal of Mr. Watson to reduce the sale price by $10 for first 3 month will increase the company profit by 60,000 after considering the additional advertisement expenditure of $40,000. There might be risk of reducing the consumer as the consumer may think that the fall in price may also led to fall in quality. 2. Case a) Capacity 200000 Units Sl No Particulars Details $ per unit 1 Direct Material Cost Given 2.50 2 Direct Labour Cost Given 3.00 3 Variable Factory Overhead Given 1.50 4 Total variable Cost 1+2+3 7.00 5 Mark up 20% of 4 1.40 6 Minimum Price Charged 4+5 8.40 Since the Annual Capacity of Tassie Company is 200000 unit and currently the company is producing 150,000 unit. This means that the company has an additional capacity of 50,000 order. So, the company can sell the product at Variable cost plus mark up which comes to $8.4. No need to Consider Fixed cost as it is irrelevant. Case b) Capacity 180000 Unit The Annual capacity is 180000 units and the current sale is 150000 unit. Now, if the company wants to full fill the government order then he has to scarify the current sale of 10,000. This mean the company has to scarify the profit on current sale which comes to $2.5 for 10,000 unit. So Average price should be for first 30,000 $8.4 units and for 10,000 unit (8.4+2.5) which comes to 10.9. Now Average = (30000*8.4 + 10000*10.9) / (30000+10000) = $9.025 3. A budget is a forecast of what is expected to happen in a business during the next year Budget is just planning for the next year. Budget is just like a statement which consists of the target production to be achieved within the budgeted cost. It is a statement which consists of various head of expenditure along with the budgeted amount to be spent on each head. Budget is handy in controlling the expenditure of the organization. Budget basically focus on quantitative factor just like to reduce the cost or increase the profit of an organization, it does not consider the qualitative factor which may occurs due to increase in cost. In most of the organization the performance and bonus of the manager will depend upon the budgeted expenditure that manager has achieved. Through Budget one can forecast it future along with the growth of its organization. Budget can also be revised as per change in scenario. Budgets are okay but they stifle all initiative. No manager would work for a business that applies control through budgets. One cannot ignore the fact that Budget brings Control at any level. Many Managers would not like to work for a business which applies control through budget because budget brings control and they are not free to spend money as per will. They will not try the new innovation as they have the budgeted money to spend. The Budget is prepared mainly on traditional system which is depends upon the last year actual rate. But most of the time it has been noticed that the price of the material will increase from the last year and the expenditure will increase and cross the budgeted expenditure. This increase in expenditure will create problem for the Manager as now they have to justify their senior or the Top Management regarding the reason for increase in expenditure which is a big trouble for them. Further, the performance of the Manager is also appreciated with the amount of saving that he can made in the budget and there bonus is also depend on the same. So, in order to earn bonus they sometime cut short the expenditure which may lead to quality reduction of the product. Any sensible person would start with the sales budget and build up the other budgets from there. Budget can be classified into many groups such as production budget, sale budget, expenditure budget, income budget. But a sensible person starts with the sale budget because every budget is linked with each other. From Sale budget we get can idea about the expected sale that the company can made within the given period of time. Depending upon the sale the production budgeted will be prepared after taking n account the opening inventory and the desires closing inventory that the company want to maintain. With Production budget we will get the amount of expenditure that the company wants to incur in producing the amount of unit that we get in the production budget. So, a sensible person first make the sale budget and all the other budget figure he will get from the said figure. Sale figure is the base and the rest we will find as per the follow disused above. A budget trying to be realistic will not motivate best performance. As already discussed earlier budget brings control. The Budget should be such that it brings the maximum utilization of the current resources so as to optimum increase in the profit of the company. The main motive of the budget is cost control or cost reduction. The production manager is always at the pressure to reduce the production cost to increase its bonus and also for performance appraisal. The another problem of the budget is that it consider only quantitative factor and not the qualitative factor. So, the production manager has to adhere with the amount of expenditure as fixed in the budget. They are not free to take risk and use new process or increase additional expenditure to improve the quality of the product. only adverse variances are worth investigating, because favourable variances, by definition, must be good. Once the budget has been prepared and the production has been started we must compare the budget with the actual expenditure in order to know the performance of the manager. We can do the variance analysis to know the activity/ expenditure head wise performance of the Manager. One of the most important feature of the budget is that we have to focus only on the adverse variance as the favorable is by definition is good. In Favorable variance the Manager has already made the saving. Now we have to concern on the adverse variance. i.e. how the same to be made favorable. The Management has to find the technique to decrease the expenditure and if the increase in expenditure is of permanent nature and is driven due to non wastage of the manager then the budget should be revised to give effect of such increase as the increase in expenditure is market driven and is justified. 5. 1. Overdraft Allocation Rate Overhead Cost = 98,400 Direct Labour Hours = 25,795 Overhead allocation Rate = 98400 / 25795 =3.81 Cost of Special Order Statement of Total Cost Particulars Amount ($) Direct Material Cost (16.1X2100) 33,810.00 Direct Labour Cost (327600/25795)X1400 17,780.20 Indirect Cost (1400X3.81) 5,334.00 Total Cost 56,924.20 3. Cost of order if machine time used Overhead Allocation rate = 98,400/9840 =10 Statement of Total Cost Particulars Amount ($) Direct Material Cost (16.1X2100) 33,810.00 Direct Labour Cost (327600/25795)X1400 17,780.20 Indirect Cost (525X10) 5,250.00 Total Cost 56,840.20 4. Minimum Price of Trailer When Machine Hr Rate is considered When Labour Hr Rate is considered Price per Trailer 162.40 162.64 (56840.2/350) (56924.2/350) 5. Segment Cost Pool The main Purpose of Segment Cost pools and Activity is to allocate the total cost incurred for an activity in particular head wise department. In activity based costing, cost is being allocated for the job based upon the time spent by the particular department in manufacturing such goods. The Activity based costing helps in better costing of the project and also assists the manager in efficient decision making regarding the pricing of the product to maximize the profit. The Production Manager is in better position in negotiating the price of the product with the buyer of the product. In Activity based costing first of all total direct cost in an particular department has been identified , then the estimated hours is being calculated for the department for which each department shall works, then we will divide the total cost with the estimated hours to identify the rate per unit. The total cost is said to be cost pools and the estimated hours is known as cost driver, then rate per uni t is calculated. It leads to cost reduction, better pricing and increase in profit of the company. 5. Overhead is a portion of the cost or an cost element which is also equally relevant as direct material cost and direct labour cost are important. Some of the examples of overhead costs incurred in an industry are electricity Expenses, rent expenses and repairs expenses of manufacturing parts, wages paid to work force for other than manufacturing activities. Overhead costs can be of both type i.e. the cost may be of fixed (which means it remains same and may does depend upon the level of production activity), variable cost (which depends on the total level of production activity), or semi variable cost. The Overhead costs incurred are to be apportioned among the various departments, as per their expenses incurred by the said department. The Overheads cost are mainly apportioned in manufacturing department of the factory, administrative and office department at head office, selling expenses incurred by the selling distribution department; all the said costs are to be apportioned on the basis of certain basis of ratio. (Henry F. Garcia, 1995). There are many items which fall under the said departments of overhead. Certain of examples to show how costs are apportioned on the basis of certain ratios is shown below. Supervision charges would be apportioned on the base of total employees working in the departments. Depreciation is to be apportioned on the basis of the machinery installed in the factory or HO. Expenses regarding electricity and machinery power shall be apportioned on the basis of unit power of the equipment. There are various method of apportionment of cost in service sector. Some of the method are Step down Method, Direct Method, Repeated Distribution Approach, Reciprocal Method, and Algebraic Approach. When cost has been allocated to individual job sand services it is easier to identify which the correct amount of cost that need to be incurred, and clear picture which helps in decision making and pricing policy as well. When overheads cost is allocated to different jobs and services the total cost of each department is identified along with the benefit derived from each department. Further, If the company wants to reallocate the costs of the departments whether service or manufacturing, to other departments then percentage basis of allocation will be required. (Natalie Grace) A real life example of how overhead allocation is done is mentioned hereby- Suppose, there are two production department A B of AB Ltd and two service departments. Production Departments: A $30000 B $26000 $56000 Service Departments: Stores $ 4000 Power $3000 $7000 Information relating to production departments are: Dept.A Dept.B Horse power of machine 300 200 Value of Stores requisition 2500 1500 Apportionment of Cost of Service Departments over Production Departments Items of Cost Basis of Apportionment Total Dept A Dept B Cost as per 56,000 30,000 26,000 Stores Value of Stores requisition 4000 2500 1500 (2500:1500) Power Horse Power of Machine 3000 1800 1200 (300:200) Total 63000 34300 28700 If we have been provided with the apportionment percentage and cost of allocation to each department is provided, then we can further allocate the cost of service department to the production department. From the above example, it has been clearly seen that the segmenting of the overhead cost to each jobs, services, or department is made and it can be easily allocated to such department..(Studies 2009) Bibliography Henry F. Garcia, C.P.M. "Assignment of Overhead Costs In a Service Organization Using Activity-Based." Assignment of Overhead Costs In a Service Organization Using Activity-Based, 1995: 1-3. Natalie Grace. "Reasons to Allocate Costs." Reasons to Allocate Costs 1. Studies, Board of. Cost Accounting and Financial Management. New Delhi: The Publication Department on behalf of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, 2009.

Ap History Essay essays

Ap History Essay essays Declaration of Independence is considered one of the most important documents in world history because its effects were felt around the world and not only in its place of origin, the United States. While blacks used context from the declaration to challenge slavery in the United States, the French used its ideals to start their own revolution. The Declaration of Independence can be seen to be one of the few documents that had a profound impact on the world, and this can be easily seen because of the changes it brought forth. The Declaration of Independence was a document made by several delegates of the U.S. in 1776. It was simply made as a document that declared the independence of the 13 British colonies in America. On July 4, 1776 the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration after a few changes were made to it. Even though I think the Declarations main purpose was to declare the colonies independent, there were many other ideas the declaration addressed. There are many important abstractions in the Declaration of Independence. These abstractions such as: rights, freedom, liberty and happiness have become the foundations of American society and have helped shape the American identity. Power, another abstraction that reoccurs in all major parts of the Declaration plays equally important role in shaping American identity. One forgets the abstraction of power because it appears in relation to other institutions: the King, the earth, and the military. Even though power is addressed very indirectly in the declaration its existence is still valued. All of these important abstractions collectively have led to major changes in the world. A very simple phrase: all men are created equal which is included in the Declaration of Independence was quickly used by blacks in the U.S. to question slavery. They wondered if all men were indeed created equal then how could one m ...

Folk Wisdom in Pregnancy Module 1 Writing Assignme Essays - RTT

Folk Wisdom in Pregnancy Module 1 Writing Assignme Essays - RTT Folk Wisdom in Pregnancy Module 1 Writing Assignment PSY 241-N02 Shianne Buie When it comes to pregnancy there is no shortage of the curiosity and uncertainty that surround the birth and delivery of a child. For centuries people have held superstitions and beliefs about pregnancy that many still trust in today. People may believe in wives' tales due to personal experience, supporting facts or plain fear, but either way folk wisdom does seem to hold some insight into the mysteries surrounding pregnancy. I personally come from a family who are no strangers to wives' tales, my own mother actually decided to put one to the test when pregnant with me. When I asked her why she would do that she stated, " I was just really tired of being pregnant and wanted to hurry things along " (Northcutt, 2017). You see I was her firstborn and since she didn ' t necessarily consider patience a virtue in the first pl ace, she was dying to get me out as soon as possible. Though I ' m guessing that carrying around a baby in her belly with swollen ankles probably had something to do with it as well. The youngest of eight, she ' d grown up listening to my grandmother talk about her own pregnancies and the truth of all the wives' tales she ' d heard throughout the years. One of these tales was that if a woman drinks a spoonful of castor oil near the end of her pregnancy, it will induce the labor. Naturally my mom came to the conclusion that this particular idea was brilliant and she would try it out, despite not knowing a thing about what might really happen. That being said the method was indeed effective, just half a day later I entered the world and needless to say my mother couldn ' t have been more relived. Even with t hat being said I ' m still pretty skeptical when it comes to placing too much trust into things like that, I just can ' t believe somet hing that is not completely proven like my mother is able to. At least not something that can affect a human life, although I must say some wives' tales might be little easier to put faith in if they had some scientific proof to back them up. While there are individuals who can merely believe in something without confirming that it exists, there are also those who rely on facts and physical evidence to convince them. I myself belong to the latter group and so to really believe that something is true, I have to see the facts to support it. There ' s one wives' tale in particular that does have just that. It suggests that if woman experiences particularly bad heartburn during pregnancy, then her baby will be born will a full head of hair. This occurrence is often found to be correct as according to Robinson (2015), " In a 2006 study involving 64 participants, researchers at Johns Hopkins Hospital found that women who reported moderate levels of heartburn throughout pr egnancy gave birth to babies with hair on 82 per cent of occasions, while most expectant mothers who did not show signs of digestive discomfort had children that were bald at birth . Now being a person who naturally places more trust in science that century old superstition, I have no problem admitting that this folk wisdom is indeed highly plausible. However, there are also some folk wisdoms that I ' d rather not put any trust in at all and I know I ' m alone in this. While most are centered on harmless ideals, there are some wives ' tales which carry more fear than fact for any expecting mother. Perhaps one of the more terrifying of these is that if pregnant woman lifts her hands above her head, the umbilical cord will be wrapped around the baby. This particular tale probably scares more expecting mothers into believing it due to the known consequences of an umbilical cord actually causing harm to a child. As it is a fact that when the cord becomes wrapped a round a child ' s neck, it

Interview paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interview paper - Assignment Example noted that she didn’t consider herself as a religious person, because she believed that religion and church were secondary things and her faith was the most important for her. However, she called herself Presbyterian, as she has been raised in this religion confession by her parents and just got used to identify herself with it. Presbyterian Church is one of the most numerous Protestant confessions on the territory of the United States. Alabama State, where Sarah lives with her family, is mostly inhabited by Protestants and Presbyterian Church commands a large part of protestant population of the state (Balmer & Winner 290). When we started talking about the religion itself Sarah said that there was a time when she considered changing her religion into Catholicism, because it seemed to her that a religion should bring discipline and she believed that it must have more rituals and religious traditions. However, in some time she realized that the main advantage of her religion was that it didn’t require any mediums and even didn’t require attending church in order to connect with the Lord. Presbyterian Church has two main ritual ceremonies which are the ceremony of Christianizing and the blessed ordinance (Balmer & Winner 290). Sarah was Christianized when she turned 21, as according to her church tradition, each parishioner should come to Jesus by oneself and the ceremony is supposed to symbolize start of the relationships between the Lord and a person. Thus when she was 21 years old Sarah realized that she was ready to establish these relationships and that she was absolutely sure about the fact that her faith was not going to be changed ever. Concerning the roots of her faith Sarah is considered to have very typical for Protestantism beliefs about God and His place in her life. She believes that her faith is guided by Holy Bible and that what is written there is the absolute truth. Whenever Sarah doesn’t know what to do in any situation of her life,

Chemistry of the Drug Lithium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemistry of the Drug Lithium - Essay Example Lithium, as medically significant, is most commonly available as the carbonate or the citrate salt. These are used as drugs for various medical conditions, especially psychiatric disorders. Commercial synthesis of this drug requires addition of an electron to the poorly electronegative lithium ion (Li+). As a result, the synthesis requires an electrolytic step. The commercial ore spodumene, Li Al (SiO3)2 is widely used to produce this product. This is the ÃŽ ± form. This is converted to ÃŽ ² form by heating the ore to 1100 degrees centigrade. This renders the ore softer. Careful mixing with hot sulfuric acid and extraction in water generate a lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) solution. The sulfate is washed with sodium carbonate, Na2CO3. This results in a relatively stable precipitate of insoluble lithium carbonate, Li2CO3. The chemical reaction would be represented as Li2SO4 + Na2CO3 Na2SO4 +Li2CO3 Administered in this form, lithium in the body acts as a monovalent cation. This was used as a treatment for manic depressive psychosis despite its array of side effects since no other medications for this condition were available at that time.

The Holeâ€A look into the prisons within the prisons Essay Example for Free

The Hole—A look into the prisons within the prisons Essay In the United States today at least 80,000 prisoners are being held in some sort of isolation unit, commonly called solitary confinement. Prisoners in solitary are isolated in a 6X8 foot concrete room for 23 hours a day. This is how the United States government chooses to regulate the prisons, by locking prisoners in this cell for weeks, months or even years on end. Most prisoners are allowed 1 hour a day for â€Å"recreation† where they are allowed to go outside, alone, in a fenced area about the size of their cell. It is a dirty, cold, concrete room with only a metal slot in the door that they receive meals through. The room contains a bed, shower, and toilet, as well as a very small amount of personal items. They receive no educational classes, rehabilitative programs or other transitional services to help them prepare for their return to society, even when they are going to be released soon. They have absolutely no structure to their day. Since I was a child I have always been interested in the Criminal Justice System. I have long hoped to become a prosecutor and have always been curious about prisons and criminals. My original curiosity with solitary confinement specifically came from a Law and Order episode I saw. The main detective asked to be put in solitary confinement for a weekend to prove that the criminal’s defense was fake (the criminal was claiming he pushed the detective off the roof because of the psychological suffering he endured in solitary confinement). Throughout the episode I watched, as the detective slowly started hallucinating and got very anxious and angry. I assumed that the show was exaggerating for entertainment value however I wanted to find out whether that was true. Throughout my research process I have found that the symptoms the detective displayed are the same symptoms that thousands of real prisoners have. Through out my quest to learn more about the practice of Solitary confinement, my opinion has changed dramatically. At the beginning of this project I thought of this topic the same way I think about almost everything else, very black and white. I had little sympathy for prisoners, even those held in solitary confinement. I didn’t think of it as torture and didn’t understand what the problem was. Throughout my research my opinion has started becoming grayer, creating an internal tension for me between two conflicting views. I have a strong held belief that prisons provide justice and safety. I hope to become a prosecutor to execute law and order. However, I have become conflicted throughout this assignment because I have found that this way of punishment has been clearly shown to be immoral and inhuman. For my â€Å"site visit† I visited the Valhalla county jail. I was struck by the number of wives, parents, teenagers and young children who were there to visit loved ones. I listened in on defense attorney KL’s conversations with two of his clients and was shocked to find that I really did feel that one of them was being charged too harshly. I am of course not defending what the prisoners did, and many of them deserve to be locked up, but the thought these people are treated so inhumanly, I feel disgraces our country and what it stands for. America, which supposedly stands for freedom, justice and the pursuit of happiness, locks up thousands and thousands of men, women, and teenagers sometimes as young as 14, in a cage. How could America, the land of freedom and opportunity, take part in such an appalling practice? Most of us wouldn’t treat our dogs the way the prisons treat the criminals, especially those in solitary confinement. Solitary Confinement was first used in the Auburn state prison during a two-year experiment in 1821, during which scientists observed people in extreme isolation. They housed a group of prisoners in individual cells â€Å"without any labor or other adequate provisions for physical exercise.† Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont reported, â€Å"This trial, from which a happy result had been anticipated, was fatal to the greater part of the convicts: in order to reform them, they had been submitted to complete isolation; but this absolute solitude, if nothing interrupt it, is beyond the strength of man; it destroys the criminal without intermission and without pity; it does not reform, it kills. The unfortunates, upon whom this experiment was made, fell into a state of depression, so manifest, that their keepers were struck with it; their lives seemed in danger, if they remained longer in this situation.† This experiment was done almost two hundred years ago and although the results were horrendous, solitary is still used today. It is sometimes necessary however. According to solitarywatch.com, Solitary confinement is used for three main reasons: protection, punishment and rehabilitation. Through out my research I have found very little data to suggest solitary confinement is the least bit rehabilitative, so I have come to the conclusion that it is really only used for punishment and as a protective measure. Certain inmates such as former police officers and child molesters are more likely to be attacked by other inmates while in prison and are therefore put there for their own protection. Solitary confinement is also used as a way to regulate the prisons. When a prisoner gets into a fight with another inmate or violates a prison rule, they are put in solitary confinement, or what the guards call, â€Å"the bing†, as punishment. It is called â€Å"the bing† because many of the prisoners start going crazy when placed in solitary confinement. Some common side affects are: hallucinations, hypersensitivity to noise and touch, insomnia, paranoia, feelings of rage and fear, distortions of time and perception, depression, anxiety, PTSD and an increased risk of suicide. When these side affects occur, the prisoners often start screaming and become very incoherent and manic. In 2009, Robert Foor, an Illinois inmate with mental illness, was placed in isolation and â€Å"became more mentally ill, mutilating himself by cutting and biting, and [attempted] to hang himself.† He ultimately died in solitary confinement at Tamms Correctional Center. Another Tamms inmate whose mental health had been notably declining, faced increasing isolation and longer sentences, due to incidents of throwing feces and urine at guards. One study even found that the people held in solitary developed were more likely to become psychopaths than those in the general population (28% vs. 15%). â€Å"The isolation unit at Stateville Correctional Center in Joliet, Illinois has been described as consisting of â€Å"gray walls, a solid steel door, no window, no clock, and a light that was kept on twenty-four hours a day.† Living in those kinds of conditions, it’s hard to imagine someone not going crazy. Another comparison I made to my own life was that I realized that when I spend even 5 hours in my room alone, I become anxious and sometimes depressed. My room is clean, not made of concrete and has a bed, light, desk, laptop and phone. Although I choose to keep my door closed I could come out at any time I want, I just choose not to. If I become anxious and depressed after only several hours alone in a small room, with conditions much nicer then the solitary cells, then I can’t even begin to imagine how the prisoners in solitary feel. Furthermore, I have found that solitary confinement is not only harmful for the prisoners, but for our society as a whole. It is detrimental for our society for two main reasons. The first is that it is much harder for prisoners who spend a prolonged period in solitary confinement to reintegrate into society. Many of the prisoners suffer from PTSD and other mental conditions because they have very limited human contact for months or even years. This makes it dangerous for them to then be released into the general population, especially when they have very little guidance before being released or after. Many prisoners are released directly into society from solitary confinement. Research done by the human rights watch, show that prisoners in solitary have a much higher rate of re-incarceration because of their anger and depression. With little education, classes or skill training, it is difficult for them to become productive members of society. They are unable to get jobs because of their limited skills and because of their arrest record. People are judgmental; very few people want former criminals working for them. I have found that many people don’t realize that people make mistakes and go to jail only to suffer, probably more then than the suffer they once caused. Prisoners are beaten, raped, and isolated, causing severe physical and psychological damage. Another disadvantage for the society as whole is that housing prisoners in solitary confinement cost approximately three times as much as it does to house a prisoner in the general prison population. According to a news article published by the Daily News, it costs American taxpayers $75,000 per inmate in solitary confinement per year as opposed to $25,000 dollars per inmate in the general population per year. It also came to my attention that solitary confinement has long been called a â€Å"human rights violation†. America is violating the Geneva Convention by putting people in solitary confinement. The psychological harm that the prisoners undergo in solitary is considered torture. Sister Marion Defeis who worked as a Chaplain for 23 years at Rikers Island wrote, â€Å"When I would make visits, walking cell by cell, I was overwhelmed by the lethargy and depression of the inmates. That’s not how our system is supposed to work. We have prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment.† While this is true, no alternative to solitary has so far been put to action. I conducted a phone interview with Marion Defeis who was explaining her work at Rikers as well as her current work at a non-profit organization in Brooklyn for single mothers previously incarcerated. The alternative she proposed was that when there is an altercation in the prison the prisoner should be separated to a different area and should receive psychological help to try to improve their mental state, instead of locking them up which will ultimately worsen the situation. She also felt that the punishments that the prisons use do not always fit the crime committed. The chart below shows how many isolation sentences there were because of different violations. During an interview with Mr. L he explained that a lot of times when there is an altercation it is the victim of the abuse that is put in solitary confinement. Although it is for their own protection, he feels that it is unjust for the victim to have a worse penalty when it was the offenders that committed the violation. A lot of times minors are also put there to protect them from the adult prisoners which he felt was unfair that they should get a worse penalty just because they were younger and therefore more vulnerable. These two instances both dramatically changed my views on solitary confinement and made me more sympathetic to what the prisoners held in solitary go through. Although Mr. Lawrence did feel solitary confinement is overused, he did clearly find it necessary in some situations. This was surprising because as a defense attorney I expected him to be very against it. Another essential moment throughout my research process was during my conversation with former prosecutor Mrs. Levine. She really only dealt with solitary as a protective measure, when there was a witness that was going to be put in jail with the person they were testifying against, they would need to be separated to insure they would not be injured or killed in jail. She explained that when she was going through the training to become a prosecutor she had to visit a solitary cell. She told me that she would really have to feel that she was in serious danger to be willing to be put in those kinds of horrible conditions. One researcher who took part in a report conducted by the New York Civil liberties union stated, â€Å"It doesn’t take half a brain to realize we’re not going to get a good product out of this.† This was a very powerful quote for me that landmarked a shift in my thinking. When a single researcher can so clearly see the affects of solitary confinement after only one study, how can the rest of the country not see the detrimental affects after all the research collected? Not only are thousands of people held in solitary confinement, but so many different kinds of people are put in solitary as well. Prisoners as young as 14 years old to as old as 70, men and women, whites, blacks and Hispanics as well as a lot of times, the mentally ill. According to the American Friends service committee, â€Å"An independent investigation from 2006 reported that as many as 64 percent of prisoners in SHUs were mentally ill, a much higher percentage than is reported by states for their general prison populations.† Frequently, mentally ill prisoners who are placed in the general prison population commit crimes and are put in solitary, which only exacerbates the problem. Once their punishment is over they are put back into the general prison population but at that point they have even more severe mental problems and once again end up in solitary. Furthermore, it has been reported that a disproportionate number of black people are in jail or in solitary compared to the NYS population. This is represented in the chart below. For the community service portion of this project I volunteered at the Children’s Village in Dobbs Ferry NY with boys ages 8-12, many of whom have parents currently detained. I spoke with several staff members who explained that incarceration is an everlasting cycle. The staff works hard to break this cycle by helping to teach the boys necessary skills to succeed in life. It was shocking to me to realize that jail and solitary confinement would ever relate so directly to my life. When I found out that many of the parents of these children who I have been tutoring for the last three years are in jail, I thought differently of the children. I became more sympathetic and understanding of what they have lived through and realized that they weren’t just out of control kids who didn’t feel like learning their multiplication table. Their parents were living in cages. That’s why they were so angry and depressed and refused to learn. It also discovered that just 10 minutes away from my house was a maximum-security prison called the Bedford Correctional Facility. Not only are their hundreds of women housed there, but about 25 of them are held in solitary confinement. Their children come to visit them with their foster parents and have to kiss their mothers through glass. My struggle throughout this assignment has been withholding judgment about the topic. If I were not required to keep an open mind, this would have been a very different process. There is still much to be learned about the practice of solitary confinement. I have now recognized how harmful solitary confinement is to the prisoners, country and society as a whole, however it is hard to put an end to solitary confinement without coming up with an alternative solution. This project has also made me wonder why they call prisons â€Å"correctional facilities†. I have found no evidence to show that these â€Å"facilities† help â€Å"correct† anything. Sister Marion Defeis’s alternative is certainly a possibility, however it would require a lot of time, effort and certainly money that I am not sure society would be willing to pay for people who have been found to have committed such horrific offenses.

The Bright Side of Regret Essay -- Literary Analysis

â€Å"There is no person so severely punished, as those who subject themselves to the whip of their own remorse,† wisely summates Lucius Annaeus Seneca 1st century Roman philosopher (qtd. in ThinkExist.com Quotations). Effectively illustrating this idea as a concise confessional, the short story, â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing,† is written in an autobiographical style by Tillie Olsen, contrasting the festering damage that unresolved internal remorse creates with the reassuring serenity that unconditional acceptance generates. Regretfully, this stark reality often becomes the harrowing plight of the nescient parent. That having been said, taking a closer look into Olsen’s story will undeniably prove that a conflicting introspective battle between regret and contentment can only be resolved through the emancipation of unconditional acceptance. When experiencing regret, a person has the tendency to repeatedly replay the details of whatever caused that emotion. However, recounting past events is only the first step in the healing process, but it is not the end solution. This is abundantly evident in Olsen’s story which begins with the narrator’s rapid emotional descent into regret. This happens when, as she has probably done a thousand times before, an unnamed third party questions the mother about her eldest daughter, Emily, asking how they can â€Å"help† and â€Å"understand her† better (Olsen 607), for surely she would know. Unfortunately, the answer to this request sends the mother helplessly down memory lane into regret valley. With Olsen’s strong symbolism, the reader becomes more keenly aware of the inner â€Å"torment† she feels while reminiscing about her callow method of raising Emily. Consequently, as the mother â€Å"moves†¦ back and forth† emotionally, ... ...ot have to automatically mean something negative. Therefore, though deep emotions are involved in the healing process, we now know love and acceptance, not guilt and sadness releases us from wasting precious energy on negative thinking and opens up a completely new opportunity, being able to enjoy the bright side of regret. Works Cited Page Kathryn Schulz. â€Å"Don't Regret Regret.† 2011. Video. TED Conferences, LLC, New York. Web. 24 Apr 2012. http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/kathryn_schulz_don_t_regret_regret.html Olsen, Tillie. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing.† Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. Kennedy, X.J., and Dana Gioia. 11th ed. New York: Longman, 2011. 607- 612. Print. ThinkExist.com Quotations. â€Å"Seneca quotes.† ThinkExist.com Quotations Online. 1 Mar. 2012. Web 23 Apr. 2012. http://en.thinkexist.com/quotes/seneca/

To find the best insulating material by measuring how quickly water cools

Theory: My reason for choosing plastic and coconut as the best insulator is because company's use plastic when producing things to contain heat. An example of this is a kettle, which use's plastic to keep the heat in so that it does not escape. Plastic is also used on the handles of pot's and pans, which deal with a lot of heat when cooking. Coconut is also a good insulator because when you cut down a coconut from the palm tree there is a lot of liquid inside of it. This liquid is kept inside of with out having the liquid evaporating. When you combine the two together you get the best of both. You are also trapping air in between the two materials. There are also three ways heat can travel these as conduction, convection and radiation. Conduction: This is the process in which heat is transferred from molecule to molecule by vibrating into each other hence passing the energy. All materials allow energy to pass through them by conduction. The particles of a gas are spread out making them poor conductors of energy because they are so spread out. Convection: If a temperature difference arises within a liquid or a gas, then fluid motion will almost certainly occur. This transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. Radiation: The process of transmitting waves or particles through space, or some medium; or such waves or particles themselves. Waves and particles have many characteristics in common; usually, however, the radiation is predominantly in one form or the other. Variables: In this investigation there are many variables. I will have to do many things to ensure this is a fair investigation. 1. I will change the water each time I complete a set of results and use the same source of water. 2. I will use the same copper mug for all experiments. 3. I will heat all water to 80C 4. I will work in the same conditions each time. 5. I will use the same amount of material each time 6. I will use a lid of tin foil each time. 7. The mug will have one layer of tin foil around it. 8. The mug will be kept away from anything that may speed up the time it takes to cool Safety precautions: To keep the experiment safe I shall * Wear goggles at all times due to the danger of hot water * Wear a thick overall, which can be removed if any hot water is spilled. * Wear gloves to protect hands from being burnt. Equipment 1 mug 1 kettle 1 thermometer 1 heat mat 1 water source 1 of each material (5 in total) 1 tin foil lid Method:In the experiment, I am going to test 5 different materials in order to discover which is the best at insulating heat. We are to test the materials by wrapping them around a mug, which I will fill with 200ml of hot water at 80c and take the temperature every minute for 10 minutes. This will enable me to see the temperature decline clearly. I will repeat this sequence 3 times for each material to make sure it is fair and take a table of averages at the end. I will be using a thermometer to record the temperature, which is accurate to O.5c. The thermometer will be placed through the tin foil lid. Preliminary Experiment: This is the first of the series in which I used only the mug with a layer of tin foil around it. I used no lid so I could see the effects of convection and then decide on whether to use a lid in the real experiments using materials. In this we tried to use 300ml of water but found it to be impractical so will use only 200ml for the final experiment. Trying to get water at any temperature higher than 80oc was a rush and mistakes can be made in a rush so we will use 80oc in the final experiment. We tried using a data logger with a heat probe and a thermometer. We discovered cooling was very quick in this way so we will use a lid in the final experiment. We found the data logger to be rather unreliable so will use the thermometer in the real experiment. Analysis. Graphs and tables on separate sheet. Conclusion: The graph shows a trend with all the materials I have tested in that they all show negative correlation. As time goes on (as temperatures are displayed on the graph for every minute), the temperature of the water decreases. The graph shows the steady decline of temperature with the continuance of time over the ten minute testing time. The poorer insulating materials have steeper declines. The better insulating materials have less steep/ flatter declines. There is a range between the temperatures of the water after the ten minute testing time of 4.5 oC between the best and worst insulating material. In the early stages of the graph, the points ( of temperatures vs. time ) are all fairly close together. With the further continuance of time, larger ranges of temperature occur on the graph as aspects such as conduction, convection and radiation play further part in the cooling process. It is these 3 factors which an insulating material must contend with to determine how good it is at insulating heat. Conduction is the most influential factor of this cooling investigation so the better insulating materials needed to be good at trapping air to insulate heat as air is a poor thermal conductor which explains why felt and coconut on plastic were better insulators than cotton for example because coconut on plastic and felt are both thick materials and made of matted fibres so were able to trap air and insulate the heat well. In theory, the wool should have been best at reducing conduction as it is very thick and matted but it has square gaps between each strand ofwool where it has been sown together allowing heat to pass through. The poor insulating materials (Nylon and cotton) are very thin so unable to trap air hence being poor thermal insulating materials. The graph reflects the influence of conduction as the materials best at reducing it cooled slowest. Convection occurs through the sides of the mug but mainly through the top of the mug. To prevent this I have used a tin foil lid. This makes it fajr for all tested materials as they all have convection reduced equally out of the top of the mug leaving the material to insulate the convection occurring through the sides. Radiation can be absorbed or reflected by opaque surfaces and dull rough surfaces absorb more heat. This is much like the properties of coconut on plastic which is why it was good at insulating radiation because its outer plastic could absorb radiation and the dull and rough inside coconut could also absorb heat. This is another reason why it performed best.

Rhetorical Analysis Of I Know Why The Caged Bird Cannot...

In Francine Prose’s essay â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Sing† Prose tends to evoke her unsureness on why schools use certain books to teach students their moral values. Prose argues that certain books should be taught in English classes, that in fact, teach students their values. Prose uses several literary examples, such as Frankenstein, How To a Kill A Mockingbird, The Great Gatsby, etc. She also provides several controversial opinions, such as using different books to try and teach students, like The Diary of a Young Girl, Teaching The Novel, and many more that she has personally read in her lifetime. She also claims that teacher should start teaching curriculum that has meaning and that will provide skills that a student would†¦show more content†¦This books are taught because of their moral values. To Kill A Mockingbird had the moral of not judging somebody by their color and class. The Great Gatsby showed to always protect your morality and pers onal values no matter what society says, and Julius Caesar shows to keep your friends close and your enemies closer. All of these books teach students in various ways. Teachers assigned these books to leave marks on their readers (the students.) You can not use fact when it comes to books, when the values of the book is the entire teaching method. Teachers provide these books to not just follow their curriculum, they do it so that the students are able to get the bigger picture and connect the dots while they are reading. Plenty of books teaches valuable life lessons. Books are bought every single day. According to HuffPost nearly 3 million books were bought in 2010. Imagine the numbers now, where as the average book sales around 3000 copies. Books can mean a lot to people these days. A huge book that took people by the band was Thirteen Reasons Why. Thirteen Reasons Why was about a teenage girl who made tapes about why she killed herself. This type of genre can take an effect on somebody’s life, especially if they can highly relate to the book themself. Another huge book would be The Hunger Games series. The main character, Katniss, a brave and ferocious girl. She could be retained to aShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesRoth (1959)[32] A Separate Peace, by John Knowles (1959) To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee (1960)[30] Dune, by Frank Herbert (1965)[33] The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton (1967)[34] A Wizard of Earthsea, by Ursula K. Le Guin (1968)[35] I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou (1969) Bless Me, Ultima, by Rudolfo Anaya (1972) The World According to Garp, by John Irving (1978) The Discovery of Slowness, by Sten Nadolny (1983) Bright Lights, Big City, by Jay McInerney (1984)[36] Ender s Game,Read MoreDescriptive Analysis6093 Words   |  25 Pagescombined in this first section so that teachers can present expressive writing and still reserve time for the many forms of informative and argumentative writing. This choice is tricky because it confirms the folk wisdom about expressive writing and rhetorical difficulty. According to custom, students can write narratives first because they are already familiar with storytelling and can organize a personal experience according to simple chronology. Similarly, students can write descriptive essays earlyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages............................................................................................ 144 Seeking a Second Opinion ............................................................................................................ 147 Trust Me, I Know It on Good Authority ..................................................................................... 149 Suspending Belief.....................................................................................................................