Malcom X and Amy Tan

Hide Course Menu Menu Management Options Refresh Display Course Menu in a Window Course Menu: PREP 108: Introduction to College Writing Houses Entry Page Announcements Syllabus and Course Schedule Instructor BIO Unit 1 unit 2 My Grades Tools Course Evaluation Email My Class Student Help Reading Blob #2: Malcolm X and Tan Actions for Content Page Create Blob Entry View Drafts Content Please answer the following questions as thoroughly as possible. While these entries are due Wednesday September 3 before class, you are welcome to take until Friday to complete them. Malcolm X, â€Å"Learning to Read† Questions (from 50 Essays): .How did the process by which Malcolm learned to read differ from the typical way people learn to read? 2. Though Malcolm changed many of his views after the time covered in this portion of his autobiography, the project of recovering African history remained important to him and remains important to many African Americans. How do you react to his claims a bout African history? Tan, â€Å"Mother Tongue† 1 . List the different English Tan describes, defining each. 2. Do you use different languages yourself? Even if English is your sole language, consider how your use of it hanged depending on circumstances and audience.Write an essay in which you describe the different ways you speak and the meaning of these differences. Friday, September 5, 2014 Malcolm X and Tan Posted by Access the profile card for user: Alexis Gang September 5, 2014 AM KODAK Alexis Gang Proof. Day PREP AWAY 5 September 2014 Alexis Gang at Friday, 1 . Malcolm X learned how to read different from many other people, he learned how to read at the Norfolk Prison. At the prison he would read the dictionary to get a better understand of how to read a book and know the meaning of every word.Malcolm was so interested in the dictionary he would spend three to four hours sitting on his cell floor Just for the light to read constantly. Malcolm read during late hours all the time to the point he knew when the guards did a night walk through of each cell hallway. 2. Malcolm Ax's view on African American history was shocking and made me think that some points he made did actually make sense in some parts. One point that was interesting was when he said † If you started with a black man, a white man could be produced; but starting with a Whitman, you never could produce a black man- cause the white gene is recessive† (peg. 77). Malcolm made sense of the views of African American history to the point where reading this autobiography has me thinking that maybe the world did start off with a black man instead of a white man. His views did give me a outlook on the history and makes me want to read more into black history and see if it is true that we started with a black man instead of white man. Tan † Mother Tongue† 1 . Tan describes standard English as a form of English where the grammar is perfect along with the tenses.Along wit h standard English she also talked about the way she alas to her family and husband where that is called English of intimacy. The English that made an impact on her was her mothers English where some would call it † limited English† (peg. 419) where their English is unclear or not perfect. 2. English has been my first language. I was born in Fairbanks, Ak where everyone just speaks English and no terms or slang Just regular good ole English of yes ma'am and yes sir. As a child I learned how to talk from my parents, because as babies you repeat words and sounds like a parrot.I have really never put thought into how my English is use, but thinking of it now my English has changed from being a little kid to and adult now. As a kid the way I talked I would always use anti and consider it a word and would argue if it was a word or not to everyone. Looking back at it anti wasn't a word and I wasn't using standard English my English was limited at the time to where some people could not understand what I was talking about half the time. As time went on my English got better with more knowledge and words I had learned throughout my life in school to where I became great at standard English.

Feature Article: Drug Abuse by UK Youngsters Essay

Discovery of the unknown and trying new things are the themes of the life of teenagers to young adults who feel the need to extend their boundaries in order to obtain a more fulfilling life. This is true for the case of British youngsters who have been discovered to be indulging in the abusive usage of drugs (Hickley, 2006). Reports from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, a British government sector, have shown that a great scale of British youngsters seem to be unaware of the effects of drug abuse on their life on a longitudinal perspective that they tend to overuse these harmful chemicals for self-gratifying purposes (Hickley, 2006). In fact, about 20 to 25% of the total teen-age and young adult population of Britain is found to have used illegal drugs (Hickley, 2006). Youngsters are seen partying in clubs, drinking until dawn, participating in group riots, and are literally destroying their lives just to feel the psychological effects attributed to the utilization of drugs. Among the list of drugs, cannabis is seen to be most popularly used.   Recent reports have even shown that young people tend to use drugs in order to acquire a more fulfilling sexual experience, an event that may lead to prostitution, spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and promiscuity (News Group Newspaper Ltd., 2008). It is actually very sad that these people are being misguided by the absence of proper laws that will directly prohibit, and even prosecute them to use drugs. The future of the British race lies in the hand of the present generation and if it appears that the said generation is out of track then it is likely to think that the future of this nation is compromised. Immediate actions must be done by the British government to formulate laws that will certify proper academic drug education in high school and college, increasing the minimum of age that is allowed to purchase alcoholic drinks from 16 to 18, a substance that usually goes along with the usage of drugs, imposition of strict rules on late night partying, and on encouraging parents to provide responsible parenthood to their children. These steps, if executed in the soonest possible time, can save British youngsters from a life of misery and unfulfilled life goals to a more rewarding and productive way of life. Reference Hickley, M. (2006). Drink and drug ruining British youngsters, government admits. Mail   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   online. Retrieved 30 April 2010, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk News Group Newspaper Ltd. (2008). Drink and drugs used for sex. The Sun. Retrieved 30   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   April 2010, from http://www.thesun.co.uk

Methods of Conserving the Ogallala Aquifer Research Paper

Methods of Conserving the Ogallala Aquifer - Research Paper Example There are arguments for and against the preservation of the Ogallala Aquifer system. For instance, Mr. Texas Panhandle, a farmer was successful in preventing the construction of a nuclear facility near the Aquifer system. Mr. Panhandle opposed the construction of the site, on the basis that it could lead to the destruction of the Ogallala Aquifer, through poisoning the water system. This event occurred during the periods of 1980s (Opie, 27). In 2008, the Trans Canada Corporation wanted to build a pipeline that will cross Athabasca oil sands to Houston, Texas (Guru et al, 31). This move created a lot of resistance from environmentalist, who argued that building an oil pipeline along the Aquifer system will make it vulnerable to pollution in case of an oil spill. However, a report by the United States department on environment denoted that the route by the Corporation, was economically, and environmentally feasible. The report therefore denoted that building a pipeline from Athabasca o il sands to Texas will not affect the Ogallala Aquifer in any manner. On the basis of this, this paper identifies and explains the best methods of conserving the Aquifer system, and its importance to the United States economy, and population. One of the methods of preserving the Aquifer system is to reduce the level of irrigation along the Aquifer system. It is estimated that 30% of water used to irrigate American lands, emanate from the Aquifer (Walton, 15). The effect of this is a reduction of the Aquifer’s water level, and this threatens its existence. The State and Federal government should look for other sources of water, for irrigation purposes. This includes engaging in rain water harvesting, and building boreholes to use for irrigation. Another method of conserving the Aquifer system is to limit the amount of fertilizers used in the irrigation firms (Ashworth, 21). This is because most farms use water that emanates from the system, and when they use fertilizers, it is highly possible that the remains will flow into the water system. This will cause pollution, making the water unsafe for human and animal consumption. Farmers also use insectides, and other house hold chemicals. It is important to find better ways of using the insecticides and chemicals (Wyatt et al, 32). There use must be in such a way, that it does not flow into the water system. After using them, it is important to dispose in an hazardous manner. By taking these measures a farmer will help in conserving the Aquifer system (Opie, 32). It is important for the Federal government and State government to to create policies and measures aimed at conserving the Aquifer. One such measure is to categorize it as an endangered system, and thereafter look for ways and means of preserving the Aquifer by involving the surrounding community. The Federal government should initiate laws, and policies whose aim is to preserve the Aquifer system. For example, the Federal and State government shoul d make it a crime, for anyone caught polluting the water system (Ashworth, 19). They should stipulate heavy penalties to discourage such practices. It is also important to involve industries and institutions in the conservation measures of the Aquifer system. This is because industries play a great role in the pollution of the underground water system. Industries use various chemicals that might pollute an underground water

Social Impact of Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Impact of Technology - Essay Example These very children, who were undernourished, hailed from the underprivileged and sidelined segments of the society and also happened to be pathetically illiterate, were using the internet to have some meaningful peep into the unconcerned world surrounding their dismal existence. This conclusively explains the impact that the computers have on our society. Therein lays the power of computer, the great equalizer. The overall social impact of computer is defined by one word that is 'accessibility'. While the fall of the Berlin Wall in December 1990 initiated the demise of communism, there exists no doubt pertaining to the fact that the much touted capitalistic societies had dangerously ushered in an unequal distribution of wealth (Friedman, 2006, p.50). Till the advent of computers, there existed an unjust world in which the lucrative data and information were accessible only to a privileged few and thus the underprivileged strata of the society was highly limited in its ability to take advantage of the opportunities for growth and development. Computers turned out to be great equalizers in the sense that they enhanced the universal accessibility to information like never before. Doing so they ended up empowering the hitherto sidelined sections of the society by offering the requisite information to everybody and anybody located anywhere in the world, at the click of a mouse and that to at a relatively affordable price. It was a British computer scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, who while working for CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research at Switzerland, pioneered the concept of a World Wide Web, which was primarily intended to be a system for creating, organizing and linking documents so as to make them accessible via internet (Friedman, 2006, p. 59). This concept eventually metamorphosed into the invention of easy to install and consumer friendly commercial browsers that served as a media for universal connectivity. This made possible the interaction of multiple online computers and networks. The scope of these nascent inventions was exponentially multiplied by the advent of new software. Now the computers enabled everybody with a reasonable digital literacy to create and share digitalized information. Infact the concerned computer nerds all around the world are working hard to revolutionize the sharing of data by creating more potent software and uploading them on the internet to be acce ssed and downloaded by all for free. This ushering in of the community software is drastically cutting the power of the middlemen and the vested interests in the market for digital technology and all the related commercial and humanitarian frameworks. Computers had an unforeseeable yet salubrious impact on the way economies interact and operate. Computers not only enabled the corporations to take advantage of the resources, capital and the skilled labor

3.HoldingOlympic games in a different city every four years is not a Essay

3.HoldingOlympic games in a different city every four years is not a waste of a countrys resources - Essay Example ver, quite a lot of times, the host cities have had to bear cost overruns, management issues, and problems pertaining to underused venues and displaced citizens. The impact of the Olympic Games on any host city is enormous including their urban communities, slum dwellers, and infrastructure, to name a few. Scholars such as John R. Short have criticized the hosting of the Olympic Games in several different cities after every four years. Short, in particular, has suggested the development of a single permanent host city that could function as an international city state operated solely for the purpose of holding Olympic Games (336). Going beyond just being an internationalized event, the Olympic Games are important for harboring cooperation and building strong relationship among states that may not otherwise be able to interact on global platforms. Since it allows many different states to come together on a large sporting event rather than a battlefield, the Olympic Games are a constru ctive investment for building mutual cooperation than being a waste of resources. The hosting of the Olympic Games is often followed by increased development in that city or state. While the costs may often be underestimated thereby leading to cost overruns, they do, in fact, help cities progress and transform in their structure and level of development. As such, I do not believe it is a waste of resources but rather a productive allocation of resources to build a nation. The Olympic Games have helped turn up the image of several countries and have channeled increased development in many others. Barcelona in Spain is one example of how its waterfront area transformed from being an average industrial spot to a scenic locality. In their article, Garcia-Ramon and Albet have described the marked changes which occurred in the city during the pre-Olympic and post-Olympic periods. Its stunning architecture was one aspect which saw a dramatic change including the building of bridges like the

Thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thoughts - Essay Example The search that can be acceptable among all the people should define clearly what is involved and what is not. This will save the members of society from the intentional interference by the police. The current use of domestic drones has risked the people’s privacy a great deal (Lyle, 2012). Since they are very small and invisible, they can be anywhere anytime. This makes people insecure as their most private details can be easily accessed. The police have been trespassing people’s private places without and searched all places without permission from the owner (Supreme Court of the United States, 2012). They have as well seized private properties in the name of being abandoned. This is not lawful as it is against the rights of citizens. It tortures the minds of law abiding citizens as it does not differentiate between criminals and the obedient citizens. Through this form of search in place, many innocent people have been held responsible for the crimes they never commi tted (Orin, 2011). This is because if anything forbidden by the law is found in a curb, the immediate residents are held responsible. As the law even maintains that accused person is innocent until proved guilty, the police should wait for the permission from the property owners. ... This will definitely lead to a better meaning of search and hence a new definition. Response to question 2 I agree with this paragraph. The search which has no boundaries is likely to retrieve people’s privacy. This is because it does no abide with the directives of the fourth amendment which states that people should be secure in their persons, effects, papers and houses (Orin, 2011). Any search which does not guarantee people these forms of privacy is classified as intrusion. The boundaries that should be put in place are those which will improve the security of the nation while protecting the privacy rights of the people. The boundaries to be observed in searches should ensure that the unreasonable searches and seizures are not allowed. This will ensure that people’s privacy is effectively respected. These are the boundaries that should be observed in the modern definition of search. As the governments cannot stop collecting information for security reasons, this sho uld be done in a way that respects people’s privacy (Orin, 2011). The use of domestic drones though should be restricted; it should not be eliminated completely because they are crucial in maintaining security (Lyle, 2012). Other technological applications that collect information should not be fixed in private areas so as to avoid collection of information that violates people’s privacy. This way the current definition of search will be the most accurate and beneficial to protect the privacy of all law abiding citizens. This calls for the maintenance of the definition and its application so as to enable the security personnel to respect the privacy of all individuals by making sure that unreasonable

Analyze the Stage 3-4 transition from the perspective of Kohlberg's Essay

Analyze the Stage 3-4 transition from the perspective of Kohlberg's and Gilligan's alternative perspectives - Essay Example When one is in this stage of moral development one learns to make deals, such as when one breaks the rules, one makes a deal with the rule keeper. This stage is a more important step in moral development than the previous stage. During this stage one learns about lying, and the affects of lying, and rule breaking. One learns that just because something seems wrong, does not necessarily make it wrong. During the third stage of moral development one will learn how to be considerate, and how to assist someone when someone is in need. During this stage of moral development one should not necessarily assist someone for gratification. More that someone should receive gratification in the mere act of assisting someone else who was in need. During this stage of moral development one learns how to be considerate of someone else’s feelings, and how to respect each other, and how to live, and work with one another. This stage of moral development is important, because if one does not lea rn to respect each other, and how to work, and live near one another, one cannot possibly have accomplished the first two stages of moral development. ... When one develops social cohesion, one develops more of a sense of being. This person is much better off than someone who has only developed the first three stages of moral development. Kohlberg thinks that if one does not develop social cohesion then one is only mindful, respectful, and considerate of only those in one’s clique. During the fifth stage of moral development on develops a sense of one’s social obligations, and individual rights. During this stage of moral development one learns what one need to do, what one’s place in society is. Everyone has a place in society, and everyone has obligations to make of society. Society expects certain things of certain people, and if one does not oblige by what society expects of them, one is considered to be abnormal. Abnormal citizens are considered to be amoral-citizen. Someone who acts only the way one expects one should act, and does not do as society expects one is considered amoral, to do only what one wants to do, not what is best to do. This may be the best for the person making this decision, however, it is not necessarily right for society. Gilligan challenged Kohlberg’s philosophies that stage four of moral development was not the most imperative stage of moral development. Gilligan used an all female sample, and conducted qualitative research on what women’s views were on abortion. Gilligan analyzed the qualitative research on abortion, and applied it to the four stages of moral development, developed by Kohlberg. In applying the five stages of Kohlberg’s moral development, Gilligan decided that stage four was not better than stage three in Kohlberg’s moral development stages. Gilligan’s research could not develop a clearer understanding of

European Integration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

European Integration - Research Paper Example The Second World War had ended in 1945 and the effects were devastating. The economies were shattered, there was resentment against the enemies, people died etc. Generally, the outcomes of the war were negative. Therefore, there was a need for reconciliation and this need was able to bring forth the idea of European integration. The national governments saw that the enmity that had taken them to war had to be buried with the end of the war and forge new relations through integration and union. This was a rational choice in deed. The idea of European integration, in turn, led to the formation of the European Council in 1949. The University of Zurich Speech offered by Winston Churchill in 1949 called for the creation of the United States of Europe through the institutionalization of the Council of Europe (Wendell, 1998). This speech called on the European states to make rational choices and integrate their efforts to the formation of the European Council. The Council’s main achi evement was seen in 1950, exactly one year after inception when it held the first European Convention on Human Rights where the European Court of Human Rights was formed and stationed in Strasbourg. This court was to be the major de facto Supreme Court for both the human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the entire Europe. Other institutions that have since been conceived under the European Union have been the Committee for the Prevention of Torture and the European Social Charter which help protect the human right throughout Europe. (Cini, 2007: pp86-89). It is important to note that the European Council holds most of its conventions which are mostly focused on the achievement of legal integration. The legal integration is possible through conventions on legal assistance on issues such as corruption, doping in sports, money laundering and internet crimes among other legal issues. There has also been cultural cooperation under the council. For instance, the 1954 Cultural Convention and other subsequent conventions which focused on issues such as university studies and diplomas as well as the development of minority languages was a clear demonstration of Cultural integration and cooperation. The member state had to cooperate to support this initiative of cultural integration under the umbrella of the European Coun

Trademarks infringement under Saudi Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trademarks infringement under Saudi Law - Essay Example In situations where such marks are used to identify services, they may be referred to as service marks although they are generally treated as trademarks. In the Saudi Law, trademark protection is recognized and can extend beyond words, phrases and symbols to include other aspects of a product like the packaging and color. The trademarks make it very easy for customers of a product to identify the source of the products very quickly indeed. They do not have to go about doing a lot of reading or making a lot of enquiries to know where the product comes from. Trademarks Infringement The Saudi Law recognizes the protection of trademarks of companies. As such, trademark infringement is an issue that is offensive both criminally and civilly. This implies that a party that owns rights to a particular trademark can sue another that infringes this right. Trademark infringement can come about as a result of one party, organization or company using identical marks, words, symbols and phrases th at are already in use by another party, company or organization (USA International Business Publications, 2007, pp. 46-47). The factors that determine the level of infringement include the strength of the mark, the similarity of the marks, and the proximity of the goods and the evidence of actual confusion. The similarity of channels of marketing used and the intent of the defendant can also be used to determine the infringement. Trademark infringement is an evil as it denies the right owner the opportunity to benefit from the trademark both socially and economically. Every organization, therefore, has a right to be protected from such infringement. Crime cases on infringement of trademarks There have been several cases of trademark infringement that bar individual organizations from fully benefiting from the products that they sell. Crime cases of trademark infringement occur where the infringement from its intent, undoubtedly affects not just the organization involved, but the who le society (Bureau of National Affairs, 1995). Cases involving individuals are civil naturally, but where they extend to affect the society, they become criminal. It goes without saying that some organizations have stolen trademarks used by reputable organizations to produce substandard goods, which may bring about ill health to the entire society. In such a situation, the trademark infringement extends beyond being a civil case to a crime. Punishment for Infringement Trademark protection has seen certain punishment enhanced for those whom infringe such an important right in Saudi. The minister of commerce has a duty to appoint the officers to take stern action against those who infringe and violate this significant intellectual property right. One possible punishment is the seizure of all the counterfeit goods by the officers appointed by the minister. The individuals who infringe are, therefore, at a huge risk of losing the property that they own. The penalties for trademark infri ngement have also been increased. Individuals who infringe this right can be forced to pay up to 168000dollars (Heper, 1994, p. 36). Besides, one risks being imprisoned for infringing this intellectual property right. These punishments have been put in place to ensure that the organizations owning a given trademark have an exclusive right over it and benefit from it socially, intellectually and economically. Use of Other Trademarks for Bad Intentions It is also saddening that some individuals use some trademarks for bad

Asda-the company's capital structure starting from 2008 Essay

Asda-the company's capital structure starting from 2008 - Essay Example The cost of debt to a company is therefore relatively less than equity financing. Besides this, debt is considered cheaper by the providers of finance and it attracts tax relief on interest payments. The greater the level of debt, the more will be the financial risk to the shareholder of the company. Hence the return required would be higher. This also helps in establishing the gearing mix of a company. The higher a company is geared, the higher would be the risk involved. There are many factors that contribute towards the availability of different sources of funds {(Goyal et al (2005); Darren (2006)}. Equity financing is raised by issuing equity shares or rights issue, preference shares issued are not considered as equity issue as they carry a fixed percentage that is to be paid to the preference shareholders and hence in substance preference shares have a debt nature attached to them so they are categorized under debt issue. Equity finance is considered a comparatively more risky approach of raising finance than debt financing, it is also considered more costly to raise equity finance than to raise debt finance (Burton et al, 2003). Asda is a UK based supermarket chain which deals in clothing, grocery, children toys and other general products used during normal routine. It is a subsidiary of the American Wal-Mart. Asda initiated its business involving Dairy products and later went on to diversify its business. It has been always renowned for its great marketing strategies. It was taken over by Wal-Mart as a subsidiary in 1999. Asda is considered as the second largest retail chain business after TESCO in the United Kingdom. Later in 2009, Wal-Mart made a deal to sell Asda to Corinth Services Limited for an amount of  £6.9 million. Since that deal Asda is a subsidiary of Corinth Services Limited (Telegraph.co.uk, 2010). Gearing is one major issue which has a critical effect onto the capital structure of a

Human rights in Iraq after the war Essay Example for Free

Human rights in Iraq after the war Essay The Americans are fairly blunt about promoting their corporate interests. A USAid spokeswoman was quoted recently pointing out that it should not come as a surprise that all of the companies short listed for work in Iraq are American. Her advice to non American companies is to pressurize their own governments. And this is driving the agenda of the European Union meeting in Brussels. President Chirac and others opposed to war have declared that while they condemn this war, they are willing to work with the UK and US on the reconstruction of Iraq. No doubt the popular sentiment in Europe favours providing support to the Iraqi people after a terrible devastation has been wrecked upon them. However, these governments are also under pressure to provide a role for their corporations in post war Iraq, a resource rich country. Thus, before the war has ended, the more divisive fight over the spoils of war has already started. In the now marginalized United Nations lies France and Germanys best hopes of making the division of the loot somewhat egalitarian. But the Americans are prepared, more than ever, to brush away the UN, and impose direct rule on iraq. The British are hoping to receive their fair share of the crumbs for their loyalty. However, this comes at the heavy cost of alienating Britain from the rest of Europe. It is likely that this battle to divide the spoils will lead to important decisions concerning the future of the United Nations as well as the future relationship between America, Britain and Europe. OREND’S THEORY ON RECONSTRUCTION ON THE BASIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS All human beings have human rights. However, human rights do not necessarily embrace anything and everything the anybody wants. Human rights are merely limited to those things which are both vitally needed and which can be provided at reasonable cost. A claim is at the core of any right, and that a claim is necessarily a claim on someone or something, in connection with some sought-after action or benefit, some good or policy. There is no such thing as a holder of a right without a correlative bearing any duty. The acts of the US and UK in Iraq after war can be considered as too much abuse to the basic human rights of the Iraqis. The Reconstruction being done to foster an economic advantage deprives the Iraqi of their basic economic benefits necessary to alleviate their lives. There is a plain disregard of a multi-aspect needs of the Iraqis for preservation, liberation, unification, democratization, and self-identity. The reconstruction projects are simply not directed towards the development and enhancement of the fundamentals of human existence and human rights. The excessive desire of the US government for profit and gains violates the basic principle of human rights, as according to Professor Orend, that is to love a â€Å"minimally decent lives†. Professor Orend holds a human right to be â€Å"a high-priority claim, or authoritative entitlement, justified by sufficient reasons, to a set of objects that are owed to each human person as a matter of minimally decent treatment†. He then asserts that to hold human rights â€Å"one must be biologically human, one must avoid violating another’s human rights, and one must have fundamental interests in, or vital needs for, living a life of minimal value. † Both formulations are valuable definitions and form a strong basis upon which to ground claims of rights. This requires a life that does not yearn for any excessive economic gains and benefits, unlike what the US Government and its cronies are manifesting. A life of simplicity within the level of a minimally decent lives requires only just enough resources to support the basic services and development of the State. It does not necessarily imply taking advantage of another’s ordeal just to promote one’s excessive economic needs. Orend shows who bears what duties in relation to human rights, questioning whether individuals or institutions are responsible for ensuring human rights. Orend concludes that both institutions and individuals bear responsibility for ensuring human rights on both a national and international level. This duty, he argues, directly correlates to one’s ability to affect human rights. So, while the duty of an individual is different from the duty of a multinational corporation, which in turn is different from the duty of a nation or international institution, all of these entities are responsible for ensuring that human rights are respected. Following on from this, Orend argues that post war reconstruction must occur via the established media of international law and governance but with the added insights of practices such as philosophy, human rights, history, public policy, and political science. It cannot be simply held and carried out purely for purposes of gains. There must be concerted and united efforts of all institutions and individuals of the word to perform their respective duty proceeding from the basic moral duty of respecting the basic dignity and rights of the Iraqis. All aspects must be duly considered in order to come up to a broader and complete plan of binging in reconstruction in Iraq. References: 1. 1. Fagan, Andrew. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Human Rights. Human Rights Center: University of Essex. 2006. http://www. iep. utm. edu/h/hum-rts. htm 2. Orend, Brian. Human Rights: Concept and Context. Petersburg, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2002. http://www. du. edu/gsis/hrhw/booknotes/2004/zwiebach-2004. html.

Human Development Paradigm and Human Happiness Paradigm

Human Development Paradigm and Human Happiness Paradigm ANALYZING THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM AND THE HUMAN HAPPINESS PARADIGM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE CONCEPT OF INDIVISIBILITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS INTRODUCTION The term development is determined in different aspects. One could say that rich countries having high financial capabilities are developed whereas another would say that a country with social values is developed whereas Recent United Nations documents emphasize â€Å"human development,† measured by life expectancy, adult literacy, access to all three levels of education, as well as people’s average income, which is a necessary condition of their freedom of choice. (Worldbank, 2004) With advances in development presently development is not only economic development it should be development of social factors, environmental factors, human development and economic factors. The World Bank report further expands to refer to sustainable development and the relationship of equity to sustainable development. â€Å"Sustainable† development could probably be otherwise called â€Å"equitable and balanced,† meaning that, in order for development to continue indefinite ly, it should balance the interests of different groups of people, within the same generation and among generations, and do so simultaneously in three major interrelated areas–economic, social, and environmental. So sustainable development is about equity, defined as equality of opportunities for well-being, as well as about comprehensiveness of objectives. (Worldbank, 2004) According to the reports definition sustainability covers every aspect including human rights. But the issue arises where human rights are neglected in the development process because sustainable development is a new term which is not much practiced. Human rights development paradigm and Human happiness development will be discussed in depth separately. Looking further to what human rights are, Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. (Rights, 1996-2015) Human rights have the qualities of universal and Inalienable, interdependent and indivisible, equal and non-discriminatory, and they are both rights and obligations. When considering human rights it clearly shows that human rights are indivisible. Whether they relate to civil, cultural, economic, political or social issues, human rights are inherent to the dignity of every human person. Consequently, all human rights have equal status, and cannot be positioned in a hierarchical order. Denial of one right invariably impedes enjoyment of other rights. Thus, the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living cannot be compromised at the expense of other rights, such as the right to health or the right to education. (UNFPA, 2005) Next will consider the human development paradigm and the human happiness paradigm in the light of indivisibility. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM When considering the human development it mostly consider the aspect of economic development keeping other development factors ranked lower. The question arises whether human development should be mainly backed up by economic development. With the recent concept of sustainable development other aspects of human development should be given a similar rank but does this happen in reality and is sustainable development so widely grown among the world population. Amartya Sen comes up with the capabilities approach to answer the following complication in the development process. We would say before Amartya Sen’s capability approach it was a basic needs approach but Amartya Sen has come forward with the capabilities approach in order to achieve the human rights of people. The people’s freedom should be provided and they should be given space and access to opportunities. The concept of a capability has a global as well as local character such that its definition abstracts from particular circumstances, but its realization depends on specific local requirements. For example, the same skill can be compared for different people although it may require different amounts and kinds of food depending on one’s age, state of health, and so on. This makes the Capability Approach applicable across political, economic, and cultural borders. For example, Sen points out that being relatively income poor in a wealthy society can require ab solute povertyin some important capabilities, because they may require more resources to achieve. For example, a richer society may require more years of education for better employment. Many capabilities will have fundamental requirements that vary strongly with social circumstances. For example, a capability that people might generally be said to have reason to value such as the ‘ability to appear in public without shame’, but its requirements vary significantly according to cultural norms from society to society and for different groups within each society (such as by gender, class, and ethnicity). For example, Presently in Saudi Arabia, women must have the corporation of a close male relative to appear in public, and require a private car and a chauffeur to move between private spaces (Saudi Arabian women are not allowed to use public transport or drive a car themselves). The Capability Approach leaves open whether such ‘expensive’ capabilities, if well thought-out significant enough to be assured by society as a matter of justice, should be met by making more resources available to those who need them (chauffeurs and subsidized cars), or by reviewing the relevant social norms. The Capability Approach only identifies such capability failures and identifies their causes. However, if there is general agreement that such capabilities should be in the same way assured for all, there is a clear basis for disapproving undoubtedly unfair social norms as the source of relative denial and thus as inconsistent with the spirit of such a assurance. The capability approach takes a multi-dimensional approach to assessment, thus it is more sustainable and provides space for human rights. Time and again it may seem that people are generally well-to-do, yet a closer study reveals shortfalls in particular capabilities, for example, the sporting icon who can’t read. Capability analysis discards the belief that unusual attainment in some dimensions pay off for gaps in others. The capability approach’s relevance here is to argue that if people are falling short on a particular capability that has been collectively agreed to be a significant one, then justice would require addressing the shortfall itself if at all possible, rather than offering compensation in some other form, such as increased income. Capability assessment is informational demanding and its precision is narrow by the level of arrangement about which performances are appreciated. However, Sen has presented that even where only basic assessment of quite basic capabilities is possible (for example, life-expectancy or literacy outcomes), this can still provide more, and more relevant, action-guiding information than the normal changes. In particular, by making perspicuous contrasts between successes and failures the capability approach can direct political and public attention to neglected dimensions of human well-being. For example, countries with similar levels of wealth can have dramatically different levels of collective achievement and inequality on such non-controversially important dimensions as longevity and literacy. And,vice versa, countries with very small economies can sometimes score as highly on these dimensions as the richest. This demonstrates both the limitations of relying exclusively on economic m etrics for evaluating development, and the fact that national wealth does not pose a rigid constraint on such achievements (that GNP is not destiny). (Wells, n.d.) Amartya Sen’s capability approach has some draw backs such as information gaps and It contains only three dimensions – longevity, literateness (average years of schooling), and Gross National Income per capita – which are weighted equally. The Capability Approach is supposed to be concerned in evaluating how people charge on many magnitudes of life including some which seem very difficult to obtain information about, such as people’s real choice sets or such complex competences as the capacity to appear in public without shame or to form relationships with others. Human development paradigm shows well the concept of indivisibility in human rights. All rights should be given equal importance and it depends upon cultures norms and countries of different countries, there cannot exist tradeoffs for example a country having high economy does not mean that law literacy rates could be acceptable. Equal importance should be given to all human rights and human rights are always interrelated such that neglecting one human right would lead to a decline in the development of a country. HUMAN HAPINESS PARADIIGM Human happiness is considered as a new aspect of development and also it concerns with the human rights. People would be happy if there human rights are fulfilled, therefore happiness seem to have a direct relationship with human rights. The human happiness could be fulfilled when all the needs are fulfilled rather than only the wants. With the more accurate focus on actual needs, the human happiness paradigm is able to identify the devices that can help protect Mother Nature, achieve unbiased and sustainable socio-economic development, promote culture, and ensure good governance. To achieve these goals the policies must draw on existing natural, human, social and economic resources, which then have to be managed sustainably and responsibly to ensure this wealth remains available for used by future generations. Societal wellbeing as the desired outcome of these structures and policies. That certain skills and processes are also needed to transform these wellbeing outcomes to the higher goal of human happiness which will enhance satisfaction of the needs identified as the basis of development. (Bhutan, 2013) Human happiness considers wants and needs and these are also components of the human rights. In my opinion if human rights are fulfilled most people would be happy, therefore human rights are indivisible. In conclusion the human development paradigm and the human happiness paradigm are two paradigms which go in line with the human rights. When we talk about human rights as discussed above human rights are indivisible they are interrelated and if one human right is given less importance and if it is violated with the opinion it would not affect development that would give an adverse impact on the development process. Human happiness paradigm is a new aspect of the human development paradigm and it is also an improvement to move towards sustainable development in the development process. Therefore, I would conclude that the new human happiness paradigm which is and addition to the human development paradigm along with the indivisibility of human rights would support sustainable development to reach higher and make the sustainably developed rather than economically developed. Bibliography Bhutan, R. G. o., 2013. HAPPINESS: TOWARDS A NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM, s.l.: s.n. Rights, O. o. t. H. C. f. H., 1996-2015. United Nations Human Rights. [Online] Available at: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx [Accessed 26 06 2015]. UNFPA, 2005. United Nations Population Fund. [Online] Available at: http://www.unfpa.org/resources/human-rights-principles [Accessed 26 06 2015]. Wells, T., n.d. Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy. [Online] Available at: http://www.iep.utm.edu/sen-cap/ [Accessed 15 06 2015]. Worldbank, 2004. What is Development , s.l.: s.n.

Concepts of Gender and Mathematics

Concepts of Gender and Mathematics Introduction In 1896 Charles Darwin wrote â€Å"The chief distinction in the intellectual powers of the two sexes is shewn by the mans attaining to a higher eminence, in whatever he takes up, than can women†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.if men are capable of a decided pre-eminence over women in many subjects the average mental power of a man must be above that of women.† (Darwin see Walkerdine, 1989, p. 1) After many years of social change we would expect these views on women to have changed. Indeed, it is not common to hear that, mentally, men are better than women, as women have proved themselves to be just as capable. Take Carol Vorderman for example, in my opinion the most famous female mathematician that I know. She is so good at mental arithmetic that she co-hosted Countdown for 26 years (Vorderman, WWW). However, maths is still perceived as a male dominated subject and it is no wonder that women believe they are inferior to men at mathematics. Even though this myth is meant to be a statistical statement, many women interpret it to mean they cannot do mathematics, having a distressing effect on individuals (Gray, 1996, p. 27). Walkerdine states that â€Å"Women, after all, are clearly irrational, illogical and too close to their emotions to be good at mathematics. Or so the story goes.† (Walkerdine, 1989, p. 1) If certain people actually take on this opinion; that girls are ‘lacking in mathematical ability (Walkerdine, 1989), how are girls supposed to have the confidence to believe they can do mathematics, when â€Å"girls report less confidence in their mathematical ability even when the girls achieve at the same level of boys†? (Fennema see Orlich et al, 2007, p. 52). It is suggested in Burton (1990) that boys are getting more encouragement and praise in the classroom than girls, which builds a lack of confidence causing a negative effect on the girls ability to learn (Burton, 1990). In this essay I will try and address the biological reasoning behind why girls cant do maths and relate this to the ways in which girls learn. The Biology There are two hemispheres to the brain, the left and right. These are specialised, to some extent, to perform different tasks. People usually have a preference to one or the other, although certain people are â€Å"whole brained† in their thinking, and therefore work just as well in either (Funderstanding, WWW). Abigail Norfleet James (2009) has researched into brain differences in boys and girls. She found that language functions and the memory of certain nouns are lateralized to the left hemisphere, whereas mathematical performance and memory of pictures and topography are lateralized to the right hemisphere. Not only did she find differences in the left and right brain, she also researched into certain parts of the brain which help us to learn mathematics using memory and emotions (Norfleet James, 2009). The hippocampus, located inside the medial temporal lobe, plays an important part in long term memory and spatial navigation (Hippocampus, WWW). The Amygdala, which is also found deep in the medial temporal lobe, performs a primary role in the processing of memory and emotional reactions (Amygdala, WWW). The research showed that as the hippocampus and the left side of the brain develops faster in girls, they excel in language, verbalising and working through situations logically. The righ t side of the brain and the Amygdala develops faster in boys, so their mathematical calculations and performance are prominent in their learning (Norfleet James, 2009). â€Å"To oversimplify a complex issue, the left hemisphere in most humans is primarily concerned with language based behaviour and with the cognitive skills we might crudely characterize as analytical or logical. It has become apparent recently that the right hemisphere is far superior to the left in most visual and spatial abilities† (Davies and Hersh, 1995, p. 346) If we look at certain traits from the opposite sides of the brain, we can see that the left brain is notorious for being analytical and sequential, rational and thinking objectively where as the right side is identified with spatial intelligence, thinking randomly and using an intuitive approach to situations (Funderstanding, WWW). Research suggests that the male brain holds an advantage with making quick decisions from lists where as the female brain works inductively and needs much more information to make that same decision (Gurian et al, 2001). It can be said therefore, that women are more inclined to think in a left brained way and men, a right brained way. As a result of this boys tend to have significantly better spatial skills and find visualizing abstract objects easier. When it comes to learning maths we need to use the whole brain; the left and right hemispheres and the frontal lobe (Gurian et al, 2001, p. 51). Primary and Secondary Schools tend to have more female than male teachers (Statistics, WWW). In my opinion, female teachers are more likely to teach using the traits found in the left side of the brain as this is what they naturally excel at. This could possibly be seen as the preferred way of teaching as the traits linked to the right side of the brain are usually connected with impulsive actions and general disruption in class (Gurian et al, 2001). In schools, students are taught to think in a successive way, where they build on previous knowledge. They are taught logical steps, which gives a method they then apply to a question to gain an answer. If, however, the student comes across a problem they have not faced before, they may lack the intuitive skills that would allow them to solve this particular, difficult problem. This method of teaching is sometimes seen as being biased towards the female way of learning, as it develops the skills which girls are already, naturally gifted with. However, to study maths to a higher level, rules and methods can only get you so far. The right hand side of the brain allows you to look at problems as a â€Å"whole† rather than in individual, single steps. As boys naturally develop this part of their brains, they are already able to think subjectively (to relate their problems to personal experiences or previous challenges they have faced), a skill girls have to learn. Thus, with the schooling system developing the boys left hemispheres, they are capable of answering much more difficult, unseen questions, which may require more than just the taught rules. Girls are generally left brained and are therefore disadvantaged, as they are educated to think in one way, their right hemisphere being overlooked. The right brained boys, however, are taught these left brained skills, and coupled with their natural way of thinking allows them to be â€Å" whole brained† and much more efficient at the more difficult maths problems. (Fennema Leder, 1990; Gurian et al, 2001; Norfleet James, 2009) If schools are focusing on a certain method which disadvantages either girls or boys in ways of their brain functions, are they also biased in the way they are teaching, with regards to how boys and girls learn? Learning Styles Along with having a stronger side of the brain, girls are also inclined to use their minds in a specific way. This is usually related to the way they think. Research has shown that there are two types of reasoning; abstract and concrete. Abstract is â€Å"not seeing or touching the thing and yet still being able to calculate it. For example, when mathematics is taught on a blackboard, boys often do better at it than girls.† (Gurian et al, 2001, p. 45). If information was to be taken from the blackboard and put onto, for instance, number lines, which are inevitably more concrete, girls tend to thrive. For girls to understand the more abstract parts of maths, for example geometry, they must bring these aspects to life. In Primary School learning, the idea of Logo (a computerised turtle which moves round the screen following directions) makes the abstract ideas of direction and angles become more concrete. In fact many IT programs used in the classroom have been designed to give a concrete illustration of an abstract idea (Skrimshaw, 1993). Furthermore, people have a predisposition to relate to a particular learning strategy. It has been suggested that girls tend to conform to the serialist, or analytic, model of thinking (Clark and Millard, 1998). These are â€Å"one step at a time learners† (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986, p. 68) who work through problems methodically, leading to instrumental understanding. In an article on the different types of understanding, Skemp (1976) described instrumental as ‘rules without reasons. What he did not realise was, â€Å"that for many the possession of such a rule and the ability to use it, is what they mean by ‘understanding† (Skemp, 1976, p. 2). Aside from serialistic understanding we have the holistic, or intuitive, model of thinking. Scott-Hodgetts claimed that holists like to take â€Å"an exploratory way, working first towards an understanding of an overall framework† (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986, p. 68). The approach that holists take of looking at the whole framework and then filling in the gaps is a way of relational understanding, not only knowing which method works, but why. So although it may take longer for a pupil to become a relational learner, as there is more content, it is never the less, easier, for the holist thinker to then adapt this method and apply it to unknown problems (Skemp, 1976). This is seen as the preferable method to learning as it allows students to link together different concepts of mathematics. Research shows that boys coincide with this manner of thinking (Clark and Millard, 1998). A lucky few tend to be able to switch between both the holist and the serialist approach. These students are called versatile learners. In higher level mathematics it becomes very important to be able to switch your view point, from looking at a problem analytically to globally, in order to see the problem as a whole. â€Å" pupils are expected to do more than simply reproduce items of knowledge, as they have been taught. They must, for example, also be able to restructure bodies of knowledge in ways appropriate to different problems a difficult task for the serialists because of their inclination to learn sequentially, without necessarily forming an overall picture of the relationships involved. whilst holists are busy speculating about relationships, and discovering the connections between initially disjoint areas of mathematics, it may not even occur to serialists to begin to look for such links.† (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986, p. 73) If you are capable therefore of using both of these techniques then surely you gain great advantage over your fellow workers? There are a few issues regarding these learning strategies. In Primary schools, students should have â€Å"the freedom to develop their ideas using their preferred learning strategies, however, teachers do sometimes impose their own strategies upon pupils† (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986, p. 70). I believe at such a young age, it is easier for the teacher to teach rules and for the pupil to learn these, even if they have no understanding of them. Take long multiplication for example. I was taught a step by step procedure which gave me an answer. At this age I had very little idea about why we added a zero at the end of the second line of computation, or why we ‘carried a one; I was just told that is how it is done. This method of learning, remembering and applying, confirms to serialists that this approach is best and leads to success. Even in Secondary school it is known that â€Å"teacher exposition tends to be serialistic in style† (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986, p. 70), Scott-Hodgetts (1986) claims that children who are predisposed to a serialist approach are less likely to become versatile learners than those who think more holistically, purely because of the way that they have been taught (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986). However, it has been discovered that if serialists are exposed to a holistic style of teaching they are just as capable of gaining the same understanding, at the time, as the holists. Although, Pask and Scott, claim that in the long term, such teaching has a â€Å"genuine effect on reducing efficiency†(Pask and Scott see Scott-Hodgetts, 1986, p.72). This inconsistency of teaching styles could explain why certain pupils are capable of working well in class, but then not performing well in mathematics examinations. (Scott-Hodgetts, 1986) At the same time that serialists are convincing themselves that learning and remembering their method is the way to gain the top grades, holistic learners will be shown the effectiveness of a different strategy. They have then begun to be a versatile learner before they reach secondary education. Conclusion After looking at the brain and the mind in relation to learning mathematics, I feel that it is not that girls cannot do maths, on the contrary girls have many skills that would make them adept at the subject, it is more that girls are not taught the right techniques, which would broaden their minds when it comes to tackling harder mathematical problems. I believe that if girls were taught in a holistic way they would, like the boys, learn how to look at problems as a whole and become more proficient at their mathematics. However, as Pask and Scott (see Scott-Hodgetts, 1986) pointed out, mixing learning techniques can become a disadvantage in the long run to the serialistic learners. But if Holists are able to learn from a serialistic point of view, why cant serialist learn from a holistic point of view? Surely this would increase the number of versatile learners? Drawing on my own experiences as a woman, if I look at the skills I have developed to reach my current level in mathematics, I know that I have needed to be analytical in most of the problems I have encountered, as well as being able to observe the problem in full. Surprisingly, being able to think randomly as well as logically can sometimes help to solve the most difficult problems. Evidence shows that even though boys are more naturally intuitive and seem to have many of the skills needed in progressing in mathematics, girls are analytical and sequential which are evidently needed for mathematics. The natural abilities that most girls seem to inherit are the key components when first learning maths. It is only the boys ability to understand this new way of learning, which automatically makes them versatile learners, that gives them the edge over girls. Being able to look at problems analytically and form an algorithm to obtain an answer is vital to any problem solving subject, and therefore it is easy to see why girls can enjoy, and can be good at mathematics. We can see from the following statistics that boys excel when the maths becomes more complicated. In Teresa Smarts article on Gender and Maths in England and Wales she explains that even though there are fewer boys than girls taking GCSE mathematics, more boys continue maths on to A-Level. Only 35% of pupils taking A-Level in 1992 were girls, which shows that the percentage of girls studying mathematics decreases as the level of mathematics increases (Smart, T. 1996). This reiterates that girls can do maths; they are just not taught the necessary skills which are needed to continue the subject to A-Level or even university. However, in researching this topic I found that it is not only our brain or the way we learn which causes us to think we, as girls, are not capable at maths, but also society and the perception they have on girls and mathematics. Until recently girls have very much been considered for different jobs than boys. Careers advice to girls in the fifth form in the 1980s was based on â€Å"retail and clerical types of employment† (Burton, 1986). If girls were adamant that they wanted to study what was considered to be a more male subject, they were expected to achieve higher grades or in some cases, not considered for the jobs at all. In fact, one fifth form girl, in which the section of Burtons book is written, was told by her interviewer that he discouraged women from taking opportunities which would better their career (taking day-release) as they â€Å"tend to leave and have babies† (Burton, 1986). In todays job market women are considered equal to men, however, I feel, it will take a few years before we see equal numbers of women and men in male dominated occupations. It is also important to point out that the content of this essay relates to the general assumption of boys and girls. I know myself, that after extensive research I would consider myself to be a holistic thinker, contrary to what the research suggests I should be as a girl. Does this mean that those female students who study university mathematics and indeed go further, think in a more male way, or are they just fortunate enough to have become versatile learners despite what they have been taught at school? The statement; Girls cant do Maths: Myth or Fact, could be argued to be both myth and fact. We have seen that girls are less likely to be better at maths biologically but if our teaching system was different would we gain different results?

A Look at Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay

A Look at Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find In the short story A Good Man is Hard to Find, Flannery O’Connor uses many different tactics to accurately portray the south in the 1950’s. O’Connor uses her style, themes, and point of view to tell a story of a family outing gone wrong. The story involves a grandmother, her only son and his wife, and their two bratty children, June Star and John Wesley. On their way to Florida, the grandmother convinces the family to detour to see an old house, and while heading towards their destination, the car overturns. The much-feared criminal, The Misfit, an escaped murderer, encounters the family, and offers to help them. The Grandmother immediately notices the man as The Misfit, and verbally acknowledges that fact. â€Å"‘You’re The Misfit!’ she said. â€Å"I recognized you at once!’† (p. 687) The Misfit has the husband and son killed relatively quickly, and even after much conversation and pleading, he kills the rest of the family. A Good Man is Hard to Find includes a lot of character development, a unique point of view, and the use of foreshadowing. O’Connor does this through her characters, setting, and details in the story. The grandmother is a classic old southern woman, who is eccentric and who may come off as a racist. However, the woman may not be racist, but rather just naive and too set in her ways to deal with the changes present at the time. As the grandmother said, â€Å"Oh look at that cute little pickaninny! †¦ Wouldn’t that make a picture now?† (p. 681) When O’Connor was writing she might not have meant to show that the grandmother was a racist, but rather just that she was out of tune with the rest of the world. The grandmother was also portrayed as Christian, one who was displeased with others who did not act in a Christian manner, and with the society as a whole. She discusses this with Red Sammy, a restaurant owner and war veteran. Red Sammy said â€Å"Eve rything is getting terrible. I remember the day you could go off and leave your screen door unlatched. Not no more.† (p.683) O’Connor often shows through the story the degeneration of the nuclear family. She does this not only through the incident at Red Sammys, but also through the child characters, John Wesley and June Star. The father, Bailey, tends to ignore the grandmother, and has failed to teach his children respect and manners. â€Å"T... ...hance of survival. Other mentions of death throughout the story include when the grandmother made sure to dress in her best clothing in case â€Å"anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady.† (p. 680) This turns out to be just as the story goes, the grandmother being the only one who is actually left by the side of the road. An additional reference is the mention of â€Å"five or six graves† (p. 681) at the side of the road and the town name â€Å"Toombsboro† (p. 684) and the â€Å"hearse-like† (p. 686) automobile are use to remind everyone of the ultimate outcome in life. The gruesome and surprising ending not only shocks readers, but also it may cause them to think about their life more in-depth. The comment from The Misfit may allow people to connect themselves, and realize that they may not be as far away from the grandmother as they may think. â€Å"‘She would have been a good woman,’ The Misfit said, ‘if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life.’† (p. 692) Many people might reflect on this statement, and realize that they, too, are guilty of being, as so called, a â€Å"good man† or â€Å"good woman,† only when they are required to do so.

The Theme Of Death In Othello and A Dolls House Essays -- compare cont

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theme of death is present in many works of literature. It is given metaphors and cloaked with different meanings, yet it always represents an end. Every end signifies a new beginning, and every death gives rise to a new birth. Physical death â€Å"...is mere transformation, not destruction,† writes Ding Ming-Dao. â€Å"What dies is merely the identity, the identification of a collection of parts that we called a person. What dies is only our human meaning† (49). Figuratively speaking, death symbolizes a change, an interruption or cessation of regular routine. In this sense, death can be viewed as a more positive occurrence, because change leads to new experience, which, in turn, leads to knowledge and a better understanding of life. The plays Othello and A Doll House both encompass the theme of death. While the former deals with physical death, the latter depicts a change, a transformation of a period of time and a way of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shakespeare’s Othello is a tragedy. The villain gains trust by appearing honest and, taking advantage of being undoubted, implants false ideas into Othello’s mind, causing him to believe in an illusion that portrays the opposite of reality. Shakespeare shows, by setting his plays in either antiquity or modernity, the evolution of human thought. His characters in antiquity acquire things through war and conquest, and are hasty in action and judgement. In modernity, however, the characters live in a regime that practices acquisition through trade and commerce. Logically, the characters in modernity are superior to the ones in antiquity. They prefer trade to war, and display logic through their actions. Because Shakespeare set his modern plays in Italy or England, Othello can be classified as a modern play. However, there are some elements of antiquity present in it, such as Othello’s murderous act. Not being logical, Othello looks at the imposed circumstances only through Iago’s perspective, and is completely overtaken by the lies. Emilia’s opinion on the matter doesn’t make any difference, because his mind is already made up by the time he speaks to her. Thus, Othello’s ability to reason is not very well-developed. How strong was he really, when his faith in groundless implications created such a rift in his character during the temptation scene, that he ended up murdering his... ...d fallen in love with her image of him. With this realization, Nora â€Å"dies† in the sense that she is reborn with a new understanding of herself. Death is symbolized through the end of her ignorant days, her marriage to Torvald, and the life she had known. She is reborn through enlightenment, with a desire to discover and understand herself, before anything else.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether physical or figurative, death adds a new dimension to Othello and A Doll House. Its presence gives the reader an eerie feeling and intensifies the depth of the plays. As readers, we wonder about the significance of death, and muse over what went on in the heads of Nora and, especially, Othello during the moment of truth. Nora believed in the illusion, whereas Othello was fooled into believing in it. They both went through a transformation, a step higher in consciousness, to a new beginning. Death is a link in the chain of life. Death as change or demise is often feared, because one doesn’t know what to expect. It is said that the best way to banish an enemy is to make it a friend. The concept of death, if understood, will unleash immortality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Little Boy Essay -- Informative, Manhattan Project, Hiroshima

At midnight on August 6, 1945, the crew of the Enola Gay got the orders to get ready for their mission. By 2:45 AM they were all packed, ready to go, and took off for their intended target (Black & Blashfield, 1993, p. 30). They flew through the darkness of the night sky for many hours. Dawn appeared and finally Enola Gay came close to their future objective. Then, around 7:24 AM, the pilot received a transmission from a weather aircraft, which had flown ahead of them, that there was hardly a cloud in the sky and that they should continue to their goal (p. 30). As they grew closer to Hiroshima, about 30 miles away, the captain gave the controls over to Major Ferebee (p. 30). As the minutes and seconds passed by it seemed perpetual. Finally at 8:15:17 Major Ferebee yelled out, â€Å"Bombs away!† (p. 30). It took about 50 seconds for the atomic bomb to fall and reach1,900 feet above the city where it exploded (Langford, 2004, p. 57). One of the crew members commented on it: A column of smoke rising fast. It has a fiery red core. A bubbling mass, purple gray in color, with that red core. It’s all turbulent. Fires are springing up everywhere, like flames shooting out of a huge bed of coals†¦Here it comes, the mushroom shape†¦It’s like a mass of bubbling molasses†¦its nearly level with me and climbing†¦(pp. 32-34). Never again will anything be the same. Creating In New York City the main ideas about the atomic bomb were developed, it was called the â€Å"Manhattan Project†. It was originally General Leslie R. Groves that was put in charge of the development of the atomic bomb. He wasn’t exactly people friendly so he got Dr. Julius Robert Oppenheimer, a civilian, involved as a project director. Communication and working proficient... ...nt of the buildings were destroyed by the blast or the fires that started because of it (Encyclopedia.com). If the blast didn’t destroy the buildings at first then the heat from the bomb caused fires that slowly destroyed the buildings. Cleaning Up A â€Å"black rain† fell from the sky, for about an hour after the blast, it had radioactive debris dropping everywhere. There was no actual help from Japan officials, at first. It was just people that were less injured and that could help, would. In the days that followed, mostly collecting and disposing of the bodies. If they were recognizable and were claimed a funeral would be held for them. Collecting and storing contaminated debris was next. Eventually, rebuilding the city began. With rebuilding of the city there was a memorial park built called Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, with donations of monuments.

Hotel Reservation System Essay

I – Introduction A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in time past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cup board, a small table and washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels are usually indicative of the range and type of service available. Due to the enormous increase in Tourism worldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards, specially those of the smaller establishment, have improved considerably. Hotels are independently assessed in traditional systems and these rely heavily on the facilities provided. Today, most of the Hotels provide goods and services using computer system. It helps to perform task in an easy way with less time consumed. Some companies are become fully automated while others strive for the similar setting. Computer programmers develop things like computer system that the rest of us could use. The computer programmers tell the users what to do. They make programs that users can easily used or understand. The advent of new technology gave rise to easy and hassle free interaction between and among humans. Whether it is business, science or whatever task a person takes on the quality and speed of carrying it out are enhanced with automation at the core of this efficient. Today, many systems have used an automation process like using computer system, due to the efficient and accuracy. Hotel Reservation System is a transaction processing system. In this system there are more advantages rather than a manual Hotel Reservation. II Background of the Study The proponents wants to know the reasons of hotel in using manual reservation. The proponents conduct a study towards the topic because they notice some of the hotel still use manual reservation. The study will emphasized the effects of using manual reservation and how a computerized reservation will be substituted. Therefore, the proponents purported to find out how to increase the number of customers using computerized reservation. Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the transition to an information based society, computes and transactions have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor , store and secured the records of the customers. Hotel Reservation System is a transaction processing system that solves the problem encountered during the manual Hotel Reservation. The computerized Hotel reservation system aims to simplify the manual Hotel Reservation fastest and accurate. Database is shared thru Local Area Network (LAN). The proponents make use of some tools and techniques to build the project. The system uses Graphical User Interface (GUI) to help the user give instruction to the computer. The system once implemented it will solve the most common problems that the Hotel Reservation encounter. Statement of the Problem Based on the research conducted, the proponents found out the problem of this study are: How will this system help the management and the staff to have an accurate service at the same time to monitor the records of the customers? General Problem: The main problem of this study is the inaccurate reservation of the customer. Specific Problem: 1. Low in security 2. Time monitoring 3. Less data integrity 4. Difficulty in searching and retrieving files 5. Possible loss of records and retrieving files 6. Difficulty on finding the availability of rooms Objective of the study This study intends to develop a Hotel Reservation System. General Objectives This study aims to solve the problems encountered and to change the manual reservation. Specific Objectives 1. To increase the security between the management and staff. 2. To lessen the time consume. 3. To highly integrated data. 4. To spend less time in searching and retrieving files. 5. To create a back up of files in every successful transaction. 6. To become make easier to find the availability of rooms. Scope and Delimitation This study is conducted to know the reason behind the proponents on how will their purposed systems will help the Hotel Management. Hotel Reservation System is fully scalable and designed extensive flexibility and varied choices. Typical hotel reservation and e-commerce hotel system software reservation solutions currently in place and available today are technically designed to achieve only one objective function, which is connect the buyer to seller. Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies This chapter contains related literature and study needed by the proponents. The following had been reviewed to identify the scope and importance of the chosen research topic. Local Literature In accordance to an article entitled Foreign Literature â€Å"â€Å"A well organized reservation system allows hotels to ensure a steady flow of guests into their properties Furthermore, â€Å"Profitable business ventures rely on effective marketing, which includes reviewing people who require hotel products and services, determining their specific needs, developing products and services that meet those needs, and making a profit on the sale of those products and services(James Bardi, 2010, Alvinos Voskos p. 136).

Depletion of Resources

Depletion of Resource Nowadays, world population is increasing , this will affect the depletion of our natural resource. Large population increases in the developing world will strain resources and agricultural productivity (Eicher,2008) . For Instance , as populations grow, it may be necessary to convert additional land for agriculture housing development, and infrastructure. However, we need more products for our daily basic needs or extra needs for the upper class people .When high consumption and wastage of goods continues, natural resources in less developed countries will be exploited to keep the supply coming. Likewise, Australia build the Lynas in Malaysia . They build factory on our land. Furthermore, In order to produce sufficient goods for people ,more factory is needed . Therefore, Human begin to deforestation . According to data provided by the Malaysian Forestry Department(2007),Malaysia has an average annual deforestation rate of 0. 35 %.In total, between 1990 and 2005 , Malaysia lost 6. 6% of its forest cover, or around 1,486,000 hectares. As a example, Deforestation will reduce our natural resource like rubber, oxygen and others . When the deforestation activity occur , it will destruct the natural habitat of wild animals. According to the United Nation Environmental Program assessment (2011), orangutans will be virtually eliminated in the wild within two decades if poaching and illegal trading of the animal or its parts continue.Deforestation might be a main factor extinction of orangutans . Every human need a home ,and animal need it too. On the other hand, Habitat of Orang Asli will be affected too. The author of the book The Threatened Orang Asli (2009) stated that with increasing negative impacts of globalization on their natural environment and resource, indigenous people are finding it harder to defend their land where the resources have been taken without consent.Deforestation has destructed the natural environment and resources of Oran g Asli . In a nutshell , depletion of resource need to be avoided . In my opinion, Government have to find the way solving the problem. For example, encourage people to have more agriculture. Resources is one of the main requirement to developing advance country . Human beings are going to be relying on natural resources for a long time -Gale Norton .

Cyrano/Roxanne Comparison Essay

Cyrano writes letters to Roxanne telling her how much he loves her, pretending to be Christian. He loves Roxanne, but feels that he is ugly and could never get her to love him back because of his huge nose. The book and movie have the same main characters playing the same roles. Cyrano is charming, poetic, and witty with a huge nose in both the book and the movie. Women love Cyrano as a friend but nothing more. In the book, Cyrano is a famous sword fighter who fights people. In the movie, Cyrano is the fire chief who fights fire. Cyrano is Roxanne’s distant cousin in the book, but in the movie, they meet when they are adults and are friends. Christian works for Cyrano in both the movie and book. In the play it discusses about the strengths and weaknesses of Cyrano, it is explained that Cyrano and C. D. both have love for Roxanne and that they are both skilled characters, the weaknesses are that Cyrano doesn’t really tell roxane in the play that he is in love with her but in the movie Bales does tell Roxanne how he feels but not face to face. The similarities of christian and chris are that they both ask for help on what to say to Roxanne, christian in the play asks Cyrano if he could talk to Roxane for him because he is very nervous when he talks to women, in the movie it is shown that bales and chris are workers and friends, but chris runs off and vomits every time he see’s Roxanne in either the bar where he runs off with sandy the bartender or Dixie’s diner( Raguneau bakery in the play). Christian and chris’s character traits are both the same and I think the author of the play and the director of the movie did an awesome job comparing the two in a more modern day form. C. D. Bales has a spilt personality just like Cyrano does in the movie because it is detailed that they both get insulted cause of the enormous nose but they handle it well with Cyrano sword fighting against others in the play and bales humorously fighting two tennis players with a tennis racket and also in the bar with 20 jokes to a dart champion. Both of the characters put the needs of others before himself, in both the play and the movie Cyrano and c. d. help chris/christian out with what type of letter he should send to Roxane/ Roxanne because it’s very hard to talk to her in person.

Christopher Harman’s “A Peoples History of the World” Essay

Chris Harman offers a unique optimistic observation of history from ancient times to present, where the needs in transformation in technology and relations between classes in the society are â€Å"set on†. In Section II of the writing the author emphasizes the importance of the ideas and makes a rather successful effort to create a well-liked history of the humanity, representing the interrelation between the progress of means of manufacturing as well as and the fight between classes. A People’s History of the World is a very optimistic writing. One of the most interesting arguments of the author is that human nature represents a construct: Human beings, we have been told, have always been greedy, competitive and aggressive, and that explains horrors like war, exploitation, slavery and oppression of women. I argue very differently. ‘Human nature’ as we know it today is a product of our history, not its cause (Harman, 2008). For the author, all the people have options. These options are different for each individual, depending on his/her position in the society or gender. The view of slavery seems very interesting: a master has more options, but slave also have them, notwithstanding that they are different. According to the author, this creates our history. This statement makes clear the author’s argument that the research of the material reasons of this or that event is very important, however it is not enough, it is just the first step necessary to be made in order to understand something deeper. The writing of Harman, namely Section II, tells the reader a very important thing: it not just describes historical events like other books do, but tries to explain to us where our history comes from. In the textbooks on history we usually find simple list of events and many facts remain not properly understood, while the given writing shows us the completely different view on what is happening is the world. Bibliography Harman, C. (2008). A People’s History of the World: From the Stone Age to the New Millennium. Verso Books

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Final project - Essay Example The belief’s name came from the word â€Å"Buddha† which means â€Å"the enlightened one†. He was able to achieve this after meditating under the Bodhi tree. After this monumental event, Buddha was able to have a band of followers and he started teaching the path towards awakening. â€Å"The Four Noble Truths† are fundamental to Buddhism. These are: â€Å"dukkha† or suffering, its origins, the path to stop it, and the truth regarding the path to stop it. This leads to the Eightfold path which is the way to freedom that was mentioned in the fourth noble truth. The path has three main divisions: wisdom, ethical conduct, and concentration. Specifically, the eight pathways state that one should have the right view, intention, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Buddhists believe that reality should be viewed as how it actually is and not how it seems to be. There should also be an intention of repudiation of materialism a s well as nonviolence and freedom. Believers should speak in peaceful and truthful ways. Actions should be shown in diplomatic ways. A livelihood must be chosen basing on its nonviolent characteristics. Individuals should have ample effort to progress. The mind should be very much aware of the present and not shrouded with hatred. Lastly, proper meditation must be practiced. One of the Buddhism Temples in Massachusetts is located in Boston. At 930 Commonwealth Avenue, the Boston Center of Soka-Gakkai International-USA (SGI-USA) is situated. It is a Buddhist association for peace, culture, and education. Though the temple is near the street, the ambience is made serene with trees and other vegetation. Like any other church, they have weekly and other scheduled services. For instance, their calendar includes Sunday meditation and services, monthly Saturday evening services, and different night activities. They also seek to enlighten visitors with their 4-week-class, essentials of Budd hism. It focuses on their traditional texts, history, meditation practices, and others. To further ascertain knowledge regarding Buddhism, a temple-goer was interviewed. Ken has been attending regular services for a year. I was able to sit next to him during one of their Sunday services. He said that he became a Buddhist through a friend. He has been convinced to join this faith after becoming more well-informed about the practices and their elucidations. When asked about his prior religion, he said that he was an atheist. He added that he could have also been an agnostic. He agreed to be interviewed as long as the details of his personal life and identity will not be revealed. He was very cooperative and proved to have much knowledge about his belief. The steps of becoming a member of Buddhism are somehow vague. First off, there is still a debate whether it may be fully considered as a religion. Some authors say that several of its philosophical and empirical elements may classify it as more of a science than a religion. However, the traditions and rituals involved are much related to the definition of Buddhism. The commonly viewed paths to becoming a full-pledged Buddhist are the major teachings and the â€Å"Three Jewels†. The meaningful credos have two aspects: dependent origination and no-self. This means that a Buddhist must realize his connection to other beings, thus respecting them. Furthermore, one must understand that giving up of selfish desires is necessarily to truly attain liberation. In addition,

A Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

A Journal opinion article - Essay Example The first three months of the year experienced decline in spending by domestic household in the United States as reported by the commerce department. The decline in consumption dropped from the estimated 3.6 percent to 2.6percent as the CNBC reported. The commerce department reported massive decline spending in crucial sectors, notably the service sector based on the report by CNBC, consumers decreased their spending in legal services, health care and more so in personal care. One of the major causes of the consumption decline could have been the new taxation law. The increase in the social security tax at the beginning of the year could have limited the extent to which households spend within the first quarter. The tax increase lowered directly the amount of income that households would take home at end of the day. After taxation, consumers were left with only meager income; these consumers choose to concentrate on basic commodities only (Morrissey 1). As opposed to earlier projecti ons that had showed increase in the amount export for first quarter, the latest report indicated otherwise. The department of commence statistics indicated that export decreased indeed to 1.1percent while imports also declined to 0.4 percent. The decrease in export translated to limited foreign currency at the disposal of the government for the country to trade with other countries. Consequently, the fall in imports resulted to decrease in foreign revenue. Both reductions in export and import negative effects on the country’s gross domestic product and contributed to the drop in the figure that had been projected for the first quarter to be 2.4percent (Morrissey 1). Amid concerns that the government was cutting its spending, consumers could have become more reserved in their spending. Government spending cut could lead to increase in the prices of commodities that had been earlier subsidized. A decrease in government’s spending could also result to households paying fo r basic services that were being catered for by the state prior to cut in spending. Vis a Vis the speculation of the government cutting its spending motivated a decline in consumption by consumers that further led to drop in the GDP of the first quarter. However, according to the wall street journal, the cut in governments spending which took effect in first month of the first quarter led to direct deduction of 0.9 percent off the growth rate (BBC 1). Due to economical globalization of the world, there existed unprecedented events all over the world that were bound to destabilize the projected GDP by department of commerce. Economic instability in states such as china and European countries could have contributed to gravitation of the united states GDP to 1.8 percent. With globalization, no single economy can exist in solitary in the 21st century. Hence, through globalization, the myriad of macroeconomics factors derailing the Chinese economy and euro zone states such as Greece adve rsely influenced the bilateral trade between these countries. The decrease in the annual economic growth of china triggered the decline in trade between the two countries. On the other hand, the worsening conditions of euro zone states such as Greece continued to shift trade further away from the European countries causing down surge in the amount of investments by Americans in the oversees (BBC 1). Though the department of com

ISMG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

ISMG - Essay Example ody but it has its own way of ensuring development of the organization and this way is by putting in place good management policies to control the crisis. There are several forms of organizational crisis but with the case of ABS Canada, the kind of organizational crisis being experienced could be said to be organizational conflict because it involves a lot of agitations among the rank and file of the organization. A critical study of the case at hand at ABS Canada would be related to the Mind Frame Consulting (2000) explanation of why organizational conflicts arise as they note that organizational conflicts often result because â€Å"divisions and departments often have different objectives. If their members cannot find common values and goals, they will not cooperate.† Lack of cooperation would also worsen any form of organizational conflict. Identifying the causes and giving out appropriate solutions may however become the best remedy at hand. To this effect, a lot is tasked on Mr. Roberge to look into the causes of the conflict and appropriately devise workable solutions that will be welcomed by all stakeholders in the organization. There are three major parties that could be linked to the cause of the present organizational conflict and for that matter organizational crisis at ABS Canada. These parties are the recruiters of the project manager, out of whom Mr. Roberge may be singled out, the project manager himself and finally, the departmental leaders who team members who should have worked with the project manager. Clearly before the coming of the project manager, there was perfect peace and harmony in the organization. By organizational standards, the organization accepted to run the affairs and future of the company in a more collaborative means that involved all departments and sectors of the organization. This was evident in the meeting that agreed on the long term strategic plan for the company. Indeed, to have started implementing the strategic plan,

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care Essay

Facilitating Change in Health and Social Care - Essay Example The Economic factor is one of the key aspects in case of health and social care services. In this regard, Plamping (n.d) claimed that rising cost of the health and social care services leads to certain challenges for patients. However, it is witnessed that governmental authorities have availed financial resources to the health and social care organizations for the betterment of health and social care services. Plamping argued that through incorporating economic as well as cost-effective approach, care organizations could bring changes in health and social care services for the betterment of future. At the same time, the workforce is one of the essential aspects in case of health and social care services. Thus, it is essential for the health and social care organizations to enhance the skills and ability of the workforce for greater effectiveness in future. Apart from this, it can also be claimed that Whitstable Nursing Home (WNH) can reduce the cost of the workforce for improving the ir opportunities in terms of health and social care services. The rising expectation and quality care were driving the need for change. Social and demographic issues can negatively affect the overall performances of the health and social care services. For an instance, it can be argued that an individual’s health-related behavior such as smoking could adversely affect the surrounding and the physical environment. On the other hand, it can be claimed that social and cultural values (Plumbing, n.d.).

Evolution of the Cellphone and How it Changed our Lives Essay

Evolution of the Cellphone and How it Changed our Lives - Essay Example Then came Motorolla MicroTAC 9800X which was considered small during its time because it can fit into a shirt pocket. It featured an 8-character dot-matrix red LED display with an innovative new flip design. In 1993, Motorola introduced that Bag Phone 1992 which was power intensive compared to cellphone today because it runs on a 3 watts of power while today’s cellphone only requires .06 watt or less. During the same year however, competetion in the celphone industry begun. For the first time, Nokia introduced its model 1011, the first mass produced GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) phone. A year later, another competitor went in the cellphone industry with IBM Simon, IBM’s first smart phone. From then on, cellphones slowly added other features such as the addition of customized ringtones in the Mova N103 Hyper (1996). Siemens went into the market and put color on the LCD screen (1997). In 1998, Nokia introduced its first phone that removed the external ante nnae with its model 8810. In 1999, several features on the cellphone was added by different manufacturing companies. Nokia 7110 introduced the first mobile phone with a WAP browser that can surf the internet and do the functionality of an email. The popularity of MP3 on cellphones was also first introduced with Samsung SPH-M100 Uproar. Benefon Esc also pioneered the idea of integrating GPS into a cellphone. Sharp also introduced the first multicolor display screen with its J-SH04 model which had a mere 0.1 megapixel resolution. A year later, the Bluetooth capabilities in cellphone was introduced with Ericsson T39 (White). The introduction of Lithium Ion Batteries was... The researcher states that moblile phones or cellphones has certainly gone a long way. From an enormous, 80 pound, car mounted communication apparatus, it is now miniaturized to a small terminal in our backpockets. Its size may have been reduced but certainly not its battery life and functionality. The former two pounds weight and 60 minutes batterly life is now reduced to four ounces and can now extend to more than a week of battery life. What used to be a â€Å"brick† is now a full-fledged computer, with a video camera, audio/video playback and high-speed internet. Its functionality is so diverse that it can cater to various needs and preference of its users that extends beyond its use as a handheld mobile communication device that it is now called a personal trusted device. The celphone device in itself is no longer just a phone. It has evolved into an all purpose device that can virtually function like a computer. The introduction of apps or applications made its functiona lity almost limitless that it can enable users to do functions such as online banking, trade stocks and play games, just to name a few. The ways that cell phones have changed the world and our lives are just too many to fit in this paper. Suffice to say, that it has enriched human connection through mobile communication where access is almost universal because of its lowered cost. Its increased functionality also enriched our lives because it enabled us to do things easier. It may be a distraction at times, but it has definitely made this world a lot better.